Chapter 4 and 5 Flashcards
Validity
The impossibility of a false conclusion following from true premises.
Invalidity
The possibility of a false conclusion following from true premises.
Categorical Syllogism
A syllogism consisting of three categorical propositions and three different terms.
Major Term
The predicate term of the conclusion.
Minor Term
The subject term of the conclusion.
Middle Term
The term found in both premises.
Rule 1
The middle term must be distributed.
Rule 2
If a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must be distributed in a premise.
Rule 3
Two negative premises are not allowed.
Rule 4
A negative premise requires a negative conclusion, and a negative conclusion requires a negative premise.
(+ Conc/- Prem … + Prem/- Conc)
Rule 5
If both premises are universal, the conclusion cannot be particular.
Subject Term
The First class mentioned in the categorical proposition; Designated by S;
Predicate Term
Second class mentioned in a categorical proposition; Designated by P
Quantifier
Specify how much of a subject is related to the predicate class; All, No, Same
Copula
Links the subject term with the predicate term; Are, Are not
