Chapter 4 - Anatomy Of The nervous System Flashcards
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The brain and the spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
What is the somatic nervous system?
It is part of the PNS. It consists of axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles. The axons to the muscles are an extension from cell bodies in the spinal cord, so part of each cell is in the CNS and part in the PNS.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
It is part of the PNS. It controls the heart, intestines, and other organs. This system has some of its cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord and some in clusters along the sides of the spinal cord.
What is dorsal?
The top of the brain for a 4 legged animal. For humans it is towards the back.
What is ventral?
In a 4 legged animal it is the bottom of the brain but in a human it is towards the stomach
What is anterior?
Toward the front end
What is posterior?
Toward the rear
What is superior?
Above another part
What is inferior?
Below another part
What is lateral?
Towards the side, away from the midline
What is medial?
Toward the midline, away from the side
What is proximal?
Located close to the point of origin or attachment
What is distal?
Located more distant from the point of origin or attachment
What is ipsilateral?
On the same side of the body
What is contralateral?
On the opposite side of the body
What are the 3 main ways in which to cut the brain?
Coronal plane (frontal plane, brain structures as seen of the front), Sagittarius plane (brain structures as seen from the side), horizontal plane (transverse plane, brain structures as seen from above)
What is a fissure?
A long, deep sulcus.
What is sulcus?
A fold or groove that separates one gurus from another
What is a gyrus?
a protuberance on the surface of the brain
What is a ganglion?
A cluster of neuron cell bodies, usually outside the CNS
What is a nucleus?
A cluster of neuron cell bodies within the CNS
What is a nerve?
A set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS to a muscle or gland or from a sensory organ to the CNS
What is a tract ?
A set of axons within the CNS, also known as a projection.