Chapter 4 - Acute & Chronic Injuries and Illnesses of the Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

What is a Musculoskeletal Injury?

Answer 1

Any damage that occurs to the structures of the muscular or skeletal systems

Question 2

What is a Acute Injury?

Answer 2

Occur quickly and the pain and/or loss of function is immediate

Question 3

What is a Direct classification?

Answer 3

A External Force: Collisions between players, Direct contact with equipment - Bruise, Cork, Fracture, Cut

Question 4

What is a Indirect classification?

Answer 4

A Internal Force: Overstretching connective tissue, Losing balance - Sprain, Strain, Tear

Question 5

What are Soft Tissue Injuries?

Answer 5

Most common - include any damage to skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments

Question 6

What are Hard Tissue Injuries?

Answer 6

Involve the bones of the skeleton - most common injury to bones is a fracture

Question 7

What is a Chronic Injury?

Answer 7

An injury that recurs due to weakness or insufficient rehabilitation
↪ Tend to start out as a acute injury

Question 8

What is a Overuse Injury?

Answer 8

An injury caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint

⠂ Tend to be prolonged (such as shin splints and stress fractures)

Question 9

What is Arthritis?

Answer 9

A condition characterised by inflammation of a joint, causing pain and stiffness

Question 10

What are the 2 Types Of Arthritis?

Answer 10

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 11

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 11

A Degenerative disorder resulting from overuse ‘wear and tear’ of a joint
↪ Affecting weight-bearing joints of the hip, knee, spine, hands or ankles

Question 12

What are the Risks of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 12

⠂Increasing age
⠂Physical inactivity
⠂Being overweight
⠂Joint trauma from previous injuries

Question 13

What is Rheumatoid Arthrtitis?

Answer 13

A Chronic disease resulting from an autoimmune response of the body
↪ Attacks tissue lining of the joints causing pain, swelling, stiffness, progressive and irreversible damage, and deformity

Question 14

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 14

A condition in which the bones become weak and thin and therefore brittle - Imparis DENSITY
↪ Occurs when the bone loses minerals (CALCIUM) quicker than the body can replace them

Question 15

What are the Risk Factors of Osteoporosis?

Answer 15

⠂Sedentary behaviour
⠂Nutritional concerns

Question 16

What is Back Pain?

Answer 16

Can affect the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back
↪ Caused by - Soft tissue injury, displacement of intervertebral discs, postural stress, nerve irritations & structural problems

Question 17

What are the Risk Factors of Back Pain?

Answer 17

⠂Sedentary behaviour
⠂Being overweight or obese
⠂Type of occupation
⠂Poor posture
⠂Stress

Question 18

What are the 4 Physiological strategies to prevent Injuries?

Answer 18

1. Pre-Participation Screening
2. Physical Preparation of Athletes
3. Warm-Up
4. Cool-Down

Question 19

What is Participation Screening?

Answer 19

Undertaken by all individuals prior to commencing or increasing their physical activity
↪ Take the form of questionnaires or physical examinations

Question 20

What do the Questionaires (most common form) include?

Answer 20

Ask about the medical history of athletes, current medical conditions, allergies, family histories and previous injuries

Question 21

What do Physical Examinations include?

Answer 21

Provide data on parameters such as height, weight and blood pressure

Question 22

What is Physical Preparation of Athletes?

Answer 22

Training ensures athletes achieve APPROPRIATE fitness levels that are specific to the sport
↪ If too demanding, may cause OVERTRAINING

Question 23

What does Overtraining refer to?

Answer 23

Refers to a physical condition characterised by decreased athletic performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and the feeling of being ‘burnt-out’

Question 24

What does Adequate Recover refer to?

Answer 24

Recovery between training sessions is vital for the athlete to benefit from the session as well as prevent injury from occurring

Question 25

What is Warm-Up?

Answer 25

Refers to activities and exercise undertaken at the beginning of a training session with the aim of preparing the body both physiologically and psychologically for the training session that follows

Question 26

What does Warm-Up Increase?

Answer 26

⠂Heart & respiratory rate - Increases delivery of oxygen to working muscles
⠂Blood flow to muscles - Increase in muscle temperature & oxygen delivery to the muscle cells
⠂Extensibility of the muscle fibres (and tendons) due to the increase in muscle temperature

Question 27

What is Cool-Down?

Answer 27

Refers to low-intensity activity completed at the end of a training session or competition
↪ Allows the body to recover by breaking down lactic acid and preventing venous pooling, returning the body a to resting physiological state

Question 28

What does Venous Pooling refer to?

Answer 28

The accumulation of blood in the veins

Question 29

What are the 4 Physical Aids to support the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 29

1. Protective Equipment
2. Correct Footwear
3. Taping
4. Braces

Question 30

What is Protective Equipment?

Answer 30

Use is designed to reduce the risk of injury to participating athletes (especially the effect of impact and collisions)
↪ Some are compulsory but much of it is used voluntarily

Question 31

What are the Musts with Protective Equipment?

Answer 31

⠂Be worn during training and games
⠂Fit correctly
⠂Specific and appropriate for the sport, size and age of athlete
⠂Regularly be checked and maintained

Question 32

What is Correct Footwear?

Answer 32

Sports require different types of footwear depending on the demands of the sport & surface playing on
↪ Running shoes, spikes and football boots

Question 33

What does Correct Footwear Create?

Answer 33

⠂Good grip on the playing surface
⠂Stability that allows quick changes of direction
⠂Cushioning for shock absorption - gel pads or air bladders
⠂Flexibility to allow the foot to flex
⠂Comfort for the wearer
⠂Correct fit

Question 34

What is Taping?

Answer 34

Refers to the use of strapping tape to limit the range of movement in a joint as part of an athlete’s prevention OR rehabilitation strategy

Question 35

What are Braces?

Answer 35

Athlete is able to put on the brace themselves rather than relying on a professional to tape the affected joint