Chapter 4 - Acute & Chronic Injuries and Illnesses of the Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is a Musculoskeletal Injury?
Any damage that occurs to the structures of the muscular or skeletal systems
What is a Acute Injury?
Occur quickly and the pain and/or loss of function is immediate
What is a Direct classification?
A External Force: Collisions between players, Direct contact with equipment - Bruise, Cork, Fracture, Cut
What is a Indirect classification?
A Internal Force: Overstretching connective tissue, Losing balance - Sprain, Strain, Tear
What are Soft Tissue Injuries?
Most common - include any damage to skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments
What are Hard Tissue Injuries?
Involve the bones of the skeleton - most common injury to bones is a fracture
What is a Chronic Injury?
An injury that recurs due to weakness or insufficient rehabilitation
↪ Tend to start out as a acute injury
What is a Overuse Injury?
An injury caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint
⠂ Tend to be prolonged (such as shin splints and stress fractures)
What is Arthritis?
A condition characterised by inflammation of a joint, causing pain and stiffness
What are the 2 Types Of Arthritis?
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is Osteoarthritis?
A Degenerative disorder resulting from overuse ‘wear and tear’ of a joint
↪ Affecting weight-bearing joints of the hip, knee, spine, hands or ankles
What are the Risks of Osteoarthritis?
⠂Increasing age
⠂Physical inactivity
⠂Being overweight
⠂Joint trauma from previous injuries
What is Rheumatoid Arthrtitis?
A Chronic disease resulting from an autoimmune response of the body
↪ Attacks tissue lining of the joints causing pain, swelling, stiffness, progressive and irreversible damage, and deformity
What is Osteoporosis?
A condition in which the bones become weak and thin and therefore brittle - Imparis DENSITY
↪ Occurs when the bone loses minerals (CALCIUM) quicker than the body can replace them
What are the Risk Factors of Osteoporosis?
⠂Sedentary behaviour
⠂Nutritional concerns
What is Back Pain?
Can affect the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back
↪ Caused by - Soft tissue injury, displacement of intervertebral discs, postural stress, nerve irritations & structural problems
What are the Risk Factors of Back Pain?
⠂Sedentary behaviour
⠂Being overweight or obese
⠂Type of occupation
⠂Poor posture
⠂Stress
What are the 4 Physiological strategies to prevent Injuries?
- Pre-Participation Screening
- Physical Preparation of Athletes
- Warm-Up
- Cool-Down
What is Participation Screening?
Undertaken by all individuals prior to commencing or increasing their physical activity
↪ Take the form of questionnaires or physical examinations
What do the Questionaires (most common form) include?
Ask about the medical history of athletes, current medical conditions, allergies, family histories and previous injuries
What do Physical Examinations include?
Provide data on parameters such as height, weight and blood pressure
What is Physical Preparation of Athletes?
Training ensures athletes achieve APPROPRIATE fitness levels that are specific to the sport
↪ If too demanding, may cause OVERTRAINING
What does Overtraining refer to?
Refers to a physical condition characterised by decreased athletic performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and the feeling of being ‘burnt-out’
What does Adequate Recover refer to?
Recovery between training sessions is vital for the athlete to benefit from the session as well as prevent injury from occurring
