Chapter 4 Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Fibrous tissue network located between the skin and the underlying structure
fascia
Extends to the thoracic cage to the pelvis. Superiorly bonded by cartilage of the 7th and 10th ribs and xiphoid process. Inferiorly bonded by inguinal ligament and iliac crest, pubic crests and pubic symphysis
anterolateral abdominal wall
9 abdomen regions
Right hydrochondrium, epigastrium, left hydrochondrium, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
4 quadrants
right upper quadrant,
left upper quadrant,
right lower quadrant,
left lower quadrant
When does the embryo fold from a flat disk into a tubular structure?
4th week of development
Completely encased in bone and is subdivided into cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
Dorsal cavity
Divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity superiorly and abdominopelvic inferiorly
ventral cavity
The two major body cavities
dorsal and ventral
Collapsed lung
pneumothorax
Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that forces food through it
perastalsis
a fibrous structure, runs down the midline of the abdomen. separates right and left rectus abdominas muscles
linea alba
Redness to the skin owing to inflammation
Erythema
Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
A cavity of dead tissue and pus
Abscess
___________Fascia is loosely connected to the superficial fascia by fibrous strands
Deep
____________fascia is attached to the skin and is composed of connective tissue containing fat
superficial
6 layers of the abdominal wall
1) skin 2) subcutaneous tissue 3) muscles and their aponeuroses 4) deep fascia 5) extraperitoneal fat 6) parietal peritoneum
layers of flat fibrous sheets fused with strong connective tissue that attaches to muscles to fixed points
aponeurosis
The four main indications of inflammatory response
Heat, redness, pain and swelling
What are the two layers of the deepest part of subcutaneous tissue?
Camper fascia and scarpa fascia
How many bilaterally paired muscles are in the anterolateral abdominal wall and in unpaired muscle?
5 and 1
Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity
Pleural effusion
Skin discoloration caused by the leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues
Ecchymosis
Congenital defect in the midline wall that allows abdominal organs to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord
Omphalocele
A small triangular muscle extends from its base originating on the pubic bone to its apex inserting into the midline lines alba approximately halfway between the pubis symphysis and the umbilicus
Pyramidalis
Lies deep to the anterior recite fascia and superficial to the rectum abdominal muscle
Pyramidalis
three flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral group
External oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the external surface of the lower eight ribs
External oblique
Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest
Internal oblique
Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the internal surfaces of the lower right costal cartilages (7-12), the thoracolumbar fascia, the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and the lateral third of the inguinal ligament
Transverse abdominals
What structures are within the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Rectum sheath, linea alba, umbilical ring, inguinal canal
_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content typically round or ovoid with irregular borders
Abscesses
-_______may be known as aggressive fibromatosis, desmoid type fobromatosis, or deep muscolaponeurotic fibromatosis.
Desmoid tumor
________are commonly found post injury, normally after surgery when a nerve gets damaged and swelling occurs
Neuromas
________arise from the abdominal wall include liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrosatcoma an increasing incidence of endometriosis transforming
Sarcomas
_______are benign fatty tumors and are among the most common benign masses of the abdominal wall and subcutaneous tissues
Lipomas
Groin hernias
Spigelian hernias
Abdominal wall tumors
Lipomas, desmoid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, mestastatic carcinoma, endometriomas, melanomas
_____________ is the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue
Parietal pertoneum
_____________is a long, broad, vertical, strap like muscle that is mostly enclosed in the rector sheath.
Rectus abdominas
_____________have a perpendicular orientation at right angles
Internal Oblique
_____________runs from lateral inferior to superiormedial
External oblique
__________are transversely or horizontally like a belt encircling the abdomen
Transverse andominas
____________strong, dense connective tissue fascia that encases the Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles as well as some arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Rectus sheath
3 main bilaterally muscles of posterior abdominal wall________, ___________,___________.
Psoas major, iliacus, quadratic lumborum
________is a fibromuscular domes structure separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
The ______crus is larger and longer than the _____crus and appears as a triangular mass anterior to the aorta.
Right, left
It arises from the first three lumbar vertebrae and appears posterior to the caudate lobe of the liver
Right crus
_____crus arises from the first two lumbar vertebrae
Left
Most________appear hypoechoic fluid masses, with irregular borders and may have internal patterns ranging from echo-free to mildly or even highly echogenic
Abscesses
_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content. They are typically round or ovoid with irregular borders.
Abscesses
_______appears as a thin, curvilinear, hyperechoic band on children and adults.
Diaphragm
