Chapter 4 Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Fibrous tissue network located between the skin and the underlying structure

Answer 1

fascia

Question 2

Extends to the thoracic cage to the pelvis. Superiorly bonded by cartilage of the 7th and 10th ribs and xiphoid process. Inferiorly bonded by inguinal ligament and iliac crest, pubic crests and pubic symphysis

Answer 2

anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 3

9 abdomen regions

Answer 3

Right hydrochondrium, epigastrium, left hydrochondrium, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Question 4

4 quadrants

Answer 4

right upper quadrant,
left upper quadrant,
right lower quadrant,
left lower quadrant

Question 5

When does the embryo fold from a flat disk into a tubular structure?

Answer 5

4th week of development

Question 6

Completely encased in bone and is subdivided into cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

Answer 6

Dorsal cavity

Question 7

Divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity superiorly and abdominopelvic inferiorly

Answer 7

ventral cavity

Question 8

The two major body cavities

Answer 8

dorsal and ventral

Question 9

Collapsed lung

Answer 9

pneumothorax

Question 10

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that forces food through it

Answer 10

perastalsis

Question 11

a fibrous structure, runs down the midline of the abdomen. separates right and left rectus abdominas muscles

Answer 11

linea alba

Question 12

Redness to the skin owing to inflammation

Answer 12

Erythema

Question 13

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 13

ascites

Question 14

A cavity of dead tissue and pus

Answer 14

Abscess

Question 15

___________Fascia is loosely connected to the superficial fascia by fibrous strands

Answer 15

Deep

Question 16

____________fascia is attached to the skin and is composed of connective tissue containing fat

Answer 16

superficial

Question 17

6 layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 17

1) skin 2) subcutaneous tissue 3) muscles and their aponeuroses 4) deep fascia 5) extraperitoneal fat 6) parietal peritoneum

Question 18

layers of flat fibrous sheets fused with strong connective tissue that attaches to muscles to fixed points

Answer 18

aponeurosis

Question 19

The four main indications of inflammatory response

Answer 19

Heat, redness, pain and swelling

Question 20

What are the two layers of the deepest part of subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 20

Camper fascia and scarpa fascia

Question 21

How many bilaterally paired muscles are in the anterolateral abdominal wall and in unpaired muscle?

Answer 21

5 and 1

Question 22

Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity

Answer 22

Pleural effusion

Question 23

Skin discoloration caused by the leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues

Answer 23

Ecchymosis

Question 24

Congenital defect in the midline wall that allows abdominal organs to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord

Answer 24

Omphalocele

Question 25

A small triangular muscle extends from its base originating on the pubic bone to its apex inserting into the midline lines alba approximately halfway between the pubis symphysis and the umbilicus

Answer 25

Pyramidalis

Question 26

Lies deep to the anterior recite fascia and superficial to the rectum abdominal muscle

Answer 26

Pyramidalis

Question 27

three flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral group

Answer 27

External oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 28

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the external surface of the lower eight ribs

Answer 28

External oblique

Question 29

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest

Answer 29

Internal oblique

Question 30

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the internal surfaces of the lower right costal cartilages (7-12), the thoracolumbar fascia, the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and the lateral third of the inguinal ligament

Answer 30

Transverse abdominals

Question 31

What structures are within the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 31

Rectum sheath, linea alba, umbilical ring, inguinal canal

Question 32

_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content typically round or ovoid with irregular borders

Answer 32

Abscesses

Question 33

-_______may be known as aggressive fibromatosis, desmoid type fobromatosis, or deep muscolaponeurotic fibromatosis.

Answer 33

Desmoid tumor

Question 34

________are commonly found post injury, normally after surgery when a nerve gets damaged and swelling occurs

Answer 34

Neuromas

Question 35

________arise from the abdominal wall include liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrosatcoma an increasing incidence of endometriosis transforming

Answer 35

Sarcomas

Question 36

_______are benign fatty tumors and are among the most common benign masses of the abdominal wall and subcutaneous tissues

Answer 36

Lipomas

Question 37

Groin hernias

Answer 37

Spigelian hernias

Question 38

Abdominal wall tumors

Answer 38

Lipomas, desmoid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, mestastatic carcinoma, endometriomas, melanomas

Question 39

_____________ is the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue

Answer 39

Parietal pertoneum

Question 40

_____________is a long, broad, vertical, strap like muscle that is mostly enclosed in the rector sheath.

Answer 40

Rectus abdominas

Question 41

_____________have a perpendicular orientation at right angles

Answer 41

Internal Oblique

Question 42

_____________runs from lateral inferior to superiormedial

Answer 42

External oblique

Question 43

__________are transversely or horizontally like a belt encircling the abdomen

Answer 43

Transverse andominas

Question 44

____________strong, dense connective tissue fascia that encases the Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles as well as some arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Answer 44

Rectus sheath

Question 45

3 main bilaterally muscles of posterior abdominal wall________, ___________,___________.

Answer 45

Psoas major, iliacus, quadratic lumborum

Question 46

________is a fibromuscular domes structure separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 46

Diaphragm

Question 47

The ______crus is larger and longer than the _____crus and appears as a triangular mass anterior to the aorta.

Answer 47

Right, left

Question 48

It arises from the first three lumbar vertebrae and appears posterior to the caudate lobe of the liver

Answer 48

Right crus

Question 49

_____crus arises from the first two lumbar vertebrae

Answer 49

Left

Question 50

Most________appear hypoechoic fluid masses, with irregular borders and may have internal patterns ranging from echo-free to mildly or even highly echogenic

Answer 50

Abscesses

Question 51

_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content. They are typically round or ovoid with irregular borders.

Answer 51

Abscesses

Question 52

_______appears as a thin, curvilinear, hyperechoic band on children and adults.

Answer 52

Diaphragm