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SON-130 > Chapter 4 Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous tissue network located between the skin and the underlying structure

A

fascia

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2
Q

Extends to the thoracic cage to the pelvis. Superiorly bonded by cartilage of the 7th and 10th ribs and xiphoid process. Inferiorly bonded by inguinal ligament and iliac crest, pubic crests and pubic symphysis

A

anterolateral abdominal wall

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3
Q

9 abdomen regions

A

Right hydrochondrium, epigastrium, left hydrochondrium, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

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4
Q

4 quadrants

A

right upper quadrant,
left upper quadrant,
right lower quadrant,
left lower quadrant

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5
Q

When does the embryo fold from a flat disk into a tubular structure?

A

4th week of development

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6
Q

Completely encased in bone and is subdivided into cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

A

Dorsal cavity

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7
Q

Divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity superiorly and abdominopelvic inferiorly

A

ventral cavity

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8
Q

The two major body cavities

A

dorsal and ventral

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9
Q

Collapsed lung

A

pneumothorax

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10
Q

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that forces food through it

A

perastalsis

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11
Q

a fibrous structure, runs down the midline of the abdomen. separates right and left rectus abdominas muscles

A

linea alba

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12
Q

Redness to the skin owing to inflammation

A

Erythema

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13
Q

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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14
Q

A cavity of dead tissue and pus

A

Abscess

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15
Q

___________Fascia is loosely connected to the superficial fascia by fibrous strands

A

Deep

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16
Q

____________fascia is attached to the skin and is composed of connective tissue containing fat

A

superficial

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17
Q

6 layers of the abdominal wall

A

1) skin 2) subcutaneous tissue 3) muscles and their aponeuroses 4) deep fascia 5) extraperitoneal fat 6) parietal peritoneum

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18
Q

layers of flat fibrous sheets fused with strong connective tissue that attaches to muscles to fixed points

A

aponeurosis

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19
Q

The four main indications of inflammatory response

A

Heat, redness, pain and swelling

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20
Q

What are the two layers of the deepest part of subcutaneous tissue?

A

Camper fascia and scarpa fascia

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21
Q

How many bilaterally paired muscles are in the anterolateral abdominal wall and in unpaired muscle?

A

5 and 1

22
Q

Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

23
Q

Skin discoloration caused by the leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues

A

Ecchymosis

24
Q

Congenital defect in the midline wall that allows abdominal organs to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord

A

Omphalocele

25
Q

A small triangular muscle extends from its base originating on the pubic bone to its apex inserting into the midline lines alba approximately halfway between the pubis symphysis and the umbilicus

A

Pyramidalis

26
Q

Lies deep to the anterior recite fascia and superficial to the rectum abdominal muscle

A

Pyramidalis

27
Q

three flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral group

A

External oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis

28
Q

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the external surface of the lower eight ribs

A

External oblique

29
Q

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest

A

Internal oblique

30
Q

Bilaterally paired, flat muscle. Arises from the internal surfaces of the lower right costal cartilages (7-12), the thoracolumbar fascia, the anterior two thirds of the iliac crest, and the lateral third of the inguinal ligament

A

Transverse abdominals

31
Q

What structures are within the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Rectum sheath, linea alba, umbilical ring, inguinal canal

32
Q

_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content typically round or ovoid with irregular borders

A

Abscesses

33
Q

-_______may be known as aggressive fibromatosis, desmoid type fobromatosis, or deep muscolaponeurotic fibromatosis.

A

Desmoid tumor

34
Q

________are commonly found post injury, normally after surgery when a nerve gets damaged and swelling occurs

A

Neuromas

35
Q

________arise from the abdominal wall include liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrosatcoma an increasing incidence of endometriosis transforming

A

Sarcomas

36
Q

_______are benign fatty tumors and are among the most common benign masses of the abdominal wall and subcutaneous tissues

A

Lipomas

37
Q

Groin hernias

A

Spigelian hernias

38
Q

Abdominal wall tumors

A

Lipomas, desmoid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, mestastatic carcinoma, endometriomas, melanomas

39
Q

_____________ is the outer layer of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue

A

Parietal pertoneum

40
Q

_____________is a long, broad, vertical, strap like muscle that is mostly enclosed in the rector sheath.

A

Rectus abdominas

41
Q

_____________have a perpendicular orientation at right angles

A

Internal Oblique

42
Q

_____________runs from lateral inferior to superiormedial

A

External oblique

43
Q

__________are transversely or horizontally like a belt encircling the abdomen

A

Transverse andominas

44
Q

____________strong, dense connective tissue fascia that encases the Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles as well as some arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

Rectus sheath

45
Q

3 main bilaterally muscles of posterior abdominal wall________, ___________,___________.

A

Psoas major, iliacus, quadratic lumborum

46
Q

________is a fibromuscular domes structure separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

47
Q

The ______crus is larger and longer than the _____crus and appears as a triangular mass anterior to the aorta.

A

Right, left

48
Q

It arises from the first three lumbar vertebrae and appears posterior to the caudate lobe of the liver

A

Right crus

49
Q

_____crus arises from the first two lumbar vertebrae

A

Left

50
Q

Most________appear hypoechoic fluid masses, with irregular borders and may have internal patterns ranging from echo-free to mildly or even highly echogenic

A

Abscesses

51
Q

_______are space occupying lesions that can assume a variety of shapes owing to their fluid content. They are typically round or ovoid with irregular borders.

A

Abscesses

52
Q

_______appears as a thin, curvilinear, hyperechoic band on children and adults.

A

Diaphragm

SON-130 (1 decks)

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