Chapter 4 - Abdominal Vascular Flashcards
Which of the following is the main source of oxygenated blood for the liver?
The hepatic artery
The SMA
The aorta
The portal vein
The hepatic artery is the livers major source of oxygenated blood, allowing it to carry out many of its functions.
In terms of volume, most of the blood travels to the liver by way of _____?
Portal vein
Portal vein delivers blood to the liver to be filtered & processed
Of the following, which is not part of the system that makes up the portal vein?
Splenic vein
Hepatic vein
SMV
IMV
Hepatic vein
Vessels that form the portal vein include ___ ____ ____?
SMV , IMV , & splenic vein
The portal system is separate from the IVC
Which of the following is true for most aortic aneurysms?
They are dissecting in nature
They are proximal in location
They are distal in location
They involve the renals
They are distal in location
Below the level of the renal arteries, and just above the level of the common iliac bifurcation
What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?
Atherosclerosis
Which is the build up of plaque in the arteries
Which of the following Words describes an aorta that is diffusely dilated?
Ecstatic
Saccular
Fusiform
Dissecting
An ectatic aorta is diffusely dilated throughout the entire length - 3.5 cm
A fusiform aneurysm includes
Both walls of the vessel
Typically spindle shaped
What is the most common aneurysm?
Fusiform
Accounts for 90% of all aneurysms
Saccular aneurysms involve
Only the anterior wall
What type of aneurysm occurs when a lining is torn and blood rushes into the the space between the layers of the wall
Dissecting aneurysm
Usually occurs in the tunica intima or tunica media
The Mickey Mouse sign refers to which of the following structures?
The portal triad
The celiac axis
The biliary tree
The hepatic veins
The portal triad
Made up of the branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery & hepatic duct.
The left renal vein runs in which direction?
Posterior to the aorta
Between the SMA & aorta
Posterior to the IVC
Parallel to the portal vein
Passes between the aorta & SMA on its way to the IVC
What can cause anterior displacement of the IVC
Lymphadenopathy. As the lymph nodes enlarge they can displace the IVC anteriorly
Also, an adrenal tumor on the right side can do the same thing
Which of the following is the largest arterial branch of the celiac axis?
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
GDA - gastroduodenal artery
The splenic artery
Which of the following is the major visceral branch of the IVC?
Portal vein
Hepatic vein
IMV
SMV
The hepatic veins are the major visceral branches of the IVC
The other veins listed are part of the portal system
Which are separate of the IVC
Of the following which is not a layer of a vessel wall?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica vascularis
The tunica vascularis.
The intima is the inner lining
The media is the middle lining
& the Adventitia is the outer lining
Hepatic veins drain into what structure?
The portal vein
The SMV
THE IVC
IVC
The three major trunks of the hepatic veins drain toward the diaphragm and directly into the IVC. They drain the liver of deoxygenated blood.
Which of the following Is the most common tumor of the IVC?
Hematoma
Hypernephroma
Pheochromocytoma
Leiomysosarcoma
Hypernephroma
These the way they most metastasize is by growing into the renal vein and then on the IVC. Liver tumors can invade the hepatic veins & grow into the IVC as well, but renal tumors are more frequent.
Leiomysosarcoma are rare.
Abdominal pain that worsens with an erect or upright position?
Dissection
Portal hypertension
Ruptured aneurysm
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Ruptured aneurysm
Dissections produce excruciating anterior chest pain that radiates to the back and down the spine.
Portal hypertension and Retroperitoneal fibrosis have less obvious symptoms.
The GDA courses _____ to the head of the pancreas.
Medial and superior
Medial and inferior
Lateral and posterior
Lateral and anterior
It runs lateral and anterior
It also runs parallel to the CBD
The left gastric artery is seen:
Best longitudinally
Branching from the GDA
Inferior to the pancreatic head
Joining the splenic artery to form the portal artery
Best seen longitudinally
It is not routinely observed
The SMA is best recognized transversely by which quality?
Pulsation
Position
Fatty collar
Thin walls
The thick fatty, echogenic ring around the SMA is seen transversely
Which of the hollowing is true of hepatic veins?
They have thick, echogenic walls
They are used by sonographers to divide the liver into segments
They compress with valsalva maneuver
They help make up the portal system
The three major branches of the hepatic veins are used to divide the liver into four segments
The abdomen has three separate vascular systems called:
The arterial, venous & portal system
As a rule, arteries lie _______ to the veins until the aorta bifurcates
They lie posterior to the vein
