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BRS Gross Anatomy > Chapter 4: Abdomen > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric Artery

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2
Q

Largest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Splenic Artery

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3
Q

Pancreatic branch of Splenic Artery

A

Dorsal Pancreatic Artery

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4
Q

Branch of Splenic Artery that passes through lineogastric ligament to reach the fundus of the stomach

A

Short gastric artery

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5
Q

Branch of Splenic Artery which runs along the greater curvature of the stomach to distribute to the stomach and greater omentum

A

Left gastroepiploic or Gastro-omental artery

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6
Q

Branches of the Splenic Artery

A

Dorsal pancreatic artery
Short gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic artery

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7
Q

Branches of the Left Gastric Artery

A

Esophageal and hepatic branches

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8
Q

Branch of the Celiac trunk that runs along the right border of the pancreas

A

Common hepatic artery

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9
Q

Branches of the common hepatic artery

A

Proper hepatic artery
Right gastric artery
Gastroduodenal artery

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10
Q

Proper hepatic artery divides near the porta hepatis into the ff:

A

Left and right hepatic arteries

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11
Q

Right hepatic artery gives rise to this artery in the cystohepatic triangle of Calot

A

Cystic artery

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12
Q

Right gastric artery arises from this artery

A

Proper or common hepatic artery

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13
Q

Left gastric artery arises from this artery

A

Celiac trunk

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14
Q

Left gastroepiploic artery arises from this artery

A

Splenic artery

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15
Q

Right gastroepiploic artery arises from this artery

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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16
Q

Branch of gastroduodenal artery that runs to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach, supplying the stomach and greater omentum

A

Right gastroepiploic or gastro-omental artery

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17
Q

Branch of gastroduodenal artery that passes between the duodenum and head of pancreas

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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18
Q

This artery from the aorta behind the neck of the pancreas

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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19
Q

5 branches of the superior mesenteric artery

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Intestinal arteries
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20
Q

Branch of superior mesenteric artery that enters the transverse mesocolon

A

Middle colic artery

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21
Q

Right branch of the middle colic artery anastomose with this artery

A

Right colic artery

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22
Q

Left branch of the middle colic artery anastomoses with this artery

A

Ascending branch of the colic artery

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23
Q

The branches of the mesenteric arteries form an anastomotic channel called

A

Marginal artery

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24
Q

Branch of superior mesenteric artery that runs to the right behind the peritoneum and gives rise to ascending and descending branches

A

Right colic artery

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25
Q

Branchs of superior mesenteric arteries that are 12 to 13 in number and supply the jejunum and ileum

A

Intestinal arteries

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26
Q

Arises from the aorta and passes to the left behind the peritoneum and distributes to the descending and sigmoid colons and upper pprtion of the rectum

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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27
Q

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

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28
Q

Branch of inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum toward the descending colon and divides into ascending and descending branches

A

Left colic artery

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29
Q

Branch of inferior mesenteric artery that run toward the sigmoid colon in its mesentery

A

Sigmoid arteries

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30
Q

It is the termination of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Superior rectal artery

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31
Q

Formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

A

Portal vein

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32
Q

The portal vein receives this vein

A

Left gastric (or coronary) vein

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33
Q

The portal vein measures ___ long

A

8cm or 3.2 inches

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34
Q

Treatment of portal hypertension achieved by creating a communication between PORTAL VEIN and IVC

A

Portacaval shunt

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35
Q

Treatment of portal hypertension accomplished by anastomosing SPLENIC VEIN to the LEFT RENAL VEIN

A

Splenorenal or Warren Shunt

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36
Q

Treatment of portal hypertension wherein a catheter is placed percutaneously into the right internal jugular vein through which an intrahepatic shunt is created between a hepatic vein and a branch of the portal vein

A

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

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37
Q

Joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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38
Q

Formed by the union of tributaries from the spleen

A

Splenic vein

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39
Q

Splenic veins receives the following veins:

A

Short gastric vein
Left gastroepiploic vein
Pancreatic veins

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40
Q

Formed by the union of superior rectal vein and sigmoid vein

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

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41
Q

Found in the falciform ligament and are virtually closed but dilate in portal hypertension

A

Paraumbilical veins

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42
Q

Occlusion of the hepatic veins that results in high pressure in the veins causing hepatomegaly, upper right abdominal pain, ascites, mild jaundice, portal hypertension and liver failure

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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43
Q

Retracts the testis

A

Cremaster

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44
Q

Depresses the ribs and flexes the trunk

A

Rectus abdominis

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45
Q

Tenses the linea alba

A

Pyramidal

46
Q

Superficial fatty layer

A

Camper fascia

47
Q

Deep membranous layer

A

Scarpa fascia

48
Q

Tendinous median raphe formed by the fusion of aponeuroses of External oblique, Internal oblique and Transverse abdominal muscles

A

Linea alba

49
Q

Below the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

A

External oblique, internal oblique and transverse muscles

50
Q

Above the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

A

External and internal oblique muscles

51
Q

Below the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is

A

Rectus abdominis is in contact with transversalis fascia

52
Q

Above the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of:

A

Internal oblique and transverse muscles

53
Q

Medial boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

A

Linea semilunaris or the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis

54
Q

Lateral boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

55
Q

Inferior boundary of the Inguinal or Hesselbach Triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

56
Q

An area of potential weakness and a common site of direct inguinal hernia

A

Inguinal or Hesselbach triangle

57
Q

Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle that lies just lateral to the pubic tubercle

A

Superficial inguinal ring

58
Q

Inguinal ring that lies in the transversalis fascia, just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Deep inguinal ring

59
Q

Begins at the deep inguinal ring and terminates at the superficial ring

A

Inguinal canal

60
Q

Structures that run through the inguinal canal and deep inguinal ring, EXCEPT

A

Spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve

61
Q

Hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac can be returned to their normal position

A

Reducible hernia

62
Q

Irreducible hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac are entrapped of stuck in the groin

A

Incarcerated hernia

63
Q

Irreducible hernia in which the intestine becomes tightly trapped or twisted, thus, circulation is restricted

A

Strangulated hernia

64
Q

Inguinal hernia that passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring and descends into the scrotum

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

65
Q

Inguinal hernia that occurs in the inguinal triangle directly through the abdominal wall muscles

A

Direct inguinal hernia

66
Q

The remnant of the obliterated urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament or fold

67
Q

The remnant of the obliterated umbilical artery

A

Medial umbilical ligament or fold

68
Q

Fold of peritoneum that covers the inferior epigastric vessels and extends from the medial side of the deep inguinal ring to the arcuate line

A

Lateral Umbilical fold

69
Q

A muscular tube approximately 10 inches or 25cm long extending from the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

70
Q

Caused by a lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction causing reflux of stomach contents

A

GERD

71
Q

Part of the stomach that lies inferior to the apex of the heart at the level of the 5th rib

A

Fundus

72
Q

Extends from the pyloric opening to the ileocecal junction

A

Small intestine

73
Q

Location of complete digestion and absorption of most of the products of digestion

A

Intestine

74
Q

Shortest but widest part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

75
Q

Part of the duodenum that is not retroperitoneal

A

Superior or 1st part

76
Q

C-shaped tube surrounding the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

77
Q

Part of the duodenum where the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct open

A

Descending or 2nd part

78
Q

Terminal openings of the bile and main pancreatic ducts

A

Greater papilla

79
Q

Site of entry of the accessory pancreatic duct

A

Lesser papilla

80
Q

Longest part of the duodenum

A

Transverse of 3rd part

81
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease that usually occurs in the ileum

A

Crohn’s disease

82
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease that involves the colon and the rectum

A

Ulcerative colitis

83
Q

Immune reaction to eating gluten

A

Celiac disease

84
Q

Proximal 2/5 of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

85
Q

Has plicae circulares, longer vasa recta

A

Jejunum

86
Q

Distal 3/5 of the small intestine

A

Ileum

87
Q

Presence of Peyer patches, shorter plicae circulares and vasa recta

A

Ileum

88
Q

Parts of the colon that are retroperitoneal

A

Ascending colon

Descending colon

89
Q

Extends from the ileocecal junction to the anus and is approximately 1.5m (5ft) long

A

Colon

90
Q

Absence of enteric ganglia

A

Megacolon/Hirschsprung disease

91
Q

Blind pouch of the large intestine that lies in the right iliac fossa

A

Cecum

92
Q

Junction of the lateral 1/3 of the line between the right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

A

McBurney point

93
Q

Narrow, hollow, muscular tube with large aggregations of lymphoid tissue in its wall

A

Appendix

94
Q

Largest visceral organ and largest gland in the human body

A

Liver

95
Q

Portal triad consists of:

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

96
Q

Lobe of the liver that is divided into anterior and posterior segments

A

Right lobe

97
Q

Lobe of the liver that is divided into medial and lateral segments

A

Left lobe

98
Q

Dilated veins around the anal canal

A

Hemorrhoids

99
Q

Dilated veins in the lower part of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

100
Q

Dilated veins around the umbilicus

A

Caput medusa

101
Q

Small, red, spiderlike arterioles in the cheeks, neck, and shoulder

A

Spider nevi or spider angioma

102
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

103
Q

Organ located at the junction of the right 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of the rectus abdominis

A

Gallbladder

104
Q

Presents commonly in Fat, Fertile (multiparous) Females, who are older than Forty (4-F individuals)

A

Gallstones

105
Q

Union of the right and left hepatic ducts

A

Common hepatic duct

106
Q

Common site of impaction of gallstones

A

Cystic duct

107
Q

Formed by the union of common hepatic duct and cystic duct

A

Common bile duct

108
Q

Formed by the union of common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

A

Ampulla of Vater or Hepatopancreatic Duct

109
Q

Ascending and transverse colons are supplied by:

A

Superior mesenteric artery

Vagus nerve

110
Q

Descending and sigmoid colons are supplied by:

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

Splanchnic nerves

BRS Gross Anatomy (1 decks)

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