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Social 9 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Collective rights

A

Rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical or constitutional reasons

  • Anglophones
  • Francophones
  • Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Métis, Inuit)
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2
Q

Collective identity

A
  • Shared identity of group of people (especially because of common language and culture)
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3
Q

Affirm

A
  • Validate and express commitment to something
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4
Q

First Nations

A
  • Umbrella name for diverse Aboriginal peoples
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5
Q

Indian

A
  • Europeans used to describe the FNs of North America
  • Many FNs prefer not to use term cause they have diverse names
  • Word used in keeping with name used during negotiating if treaties
  • Constitution uses term to refer to FNs
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6
Q

Sovereignty

A
  • Independence as a people

- Right to self-government

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7
Q

Annuity

A
  • Annual payment

- Under NTs, mostly symbolic today

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8
Q

What do the members of Treaty 8 receive each year?

A

$5.00

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9
Q

Reserve

A
  • Land for exclusive use for FNs
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10
Q

Entrenching

A
  • Fixing firmly within
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11
Q

Patriate

A
  • Bring to country something that belongs to country
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12
Q

Primary source

A
  • creation by people who see or participate in event

- Record reactions to event immediately after event

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13
Q

Secondary source

A
  • Creation by someone not present at event

- Interpretations of events that already occurred

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14
Q

Assimilate

A
  • Become part of different cultural group
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15
Q

Ethnocentrism

A
  • Believing ones culture superior to all other cultures
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16
Q

Indian Act

A
  • Federal legislation related to rights and status of FNs first passed in 1876 and amended several times
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17
Q

FNs must be … in order to receive Treaty rights.

A

“status Indians”

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18
Q

Anglophone

A
  • Person whose first language is English
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19
Q

Francophone

A
  • Person whose first language is French
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20
Q

Official language community

A
  • One of groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada as first language
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21
Q

Official language minority

A
  • Group speaking one of Canada’s official languages and does not make up majority population of province/territory
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22
Q

Publicly funded

A
  • Paid for by taxes and provided by government
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23
Q

Inherent rights

A
  • Rights with origins in fundamental justice
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24
Q

Autonomy

A
  • Authority to make decisions
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25
Q

Collective rights facts

A
  • Entrenched in Canada’s constitution
  • Affirms collective identity of groups in society
  • Creates society where people of different identities belong
  • Laws affecting these create opportunities and challenges for Canadians
  • Part of dynamic relationship between Canada’s gov and Canadian citizens
  • Recognize founding peoples of Canada
  • Canada wouldn’t exist today without contribution
  • Come from roots in land and history
26
Q

Numbered Treaties

A
  • Historic agreements affecting rights and identity of some FNs in Canada
  • Agreements between Queen and FNs
27
Q

Royal Proclamation

A
  • 1763
  • Made at end of Seven Years’ War
  • Britain sought to establish control over lands in North America formerly claimed by France
  • Recognized FN’s rights to land
  • Established principle of making treaties with FNs through peaceful negotiation
28
Q

NTs roots in …

A

Royal Proclamation

29
Q

NTs facts

A
  • FNs agreed to share lands and resources in peace
  • Canada’s gov agreed to terms covering FNs’ education, reserves, annuities etc.
  • Sacred to FNs
  • Cannot be changed without FNs
  • Treaty rights and citizenship go together for FNs now and in past and future
30
Q

Terms of Treaties 6,7,8

A
  • Treaty 6 = health care, education, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
  • Treaty 7 = education, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
  • Treaty 8 = health care, hunting and fishing rights, reserves, farming assistance, payments, annuities, special benefits
31
Q

Treaty 6 date

A

1876-1899

32
Q

Treaty 7 date

A

1877

33
Q

Treaty 8 date

A

1899

34
Q

Treaty 1 date

A

1871

35
Q

Treaty 2 date

A

1871

36
Q

Treaty 3 date

A

1873

37
Q

Treaty 4 date

A

1874

38
Q

Treaty 5 date

A

1875

39
Q

Treaty 9 date

A

1905

40
Q

Treaty 10 date

A

1906-1907

41
Q

Treaty 11 date

A

1921

42
Q

Did all FNs sign treaties?

A
  • No

- Section 35 affirms collective rights in constitution

43
Q

Reasons FNs in west and Canada negotiated NTs

A
  • Railway linking B.C. to rest of Canada and open up immigration to west (B.C. joined Confed. on condition it’d be built)
  • Avoid war like in U.S.
  • FNs wanted to secure future (facing economic np social upheaval from smallpox epidemics, Buffalo eradication, end of fur trade, pressures of European settlement)
  • Royal Proc. recognized FNs rights to their lands claimed by Britain
44
Q

What did Canadians believe FNs did under Treaties?

A
  • Gave up land
45
Q

FNs perspective on land

A
  • not something anyone can “own” or “give up”
46
Q

Recording of treaties and what is wrong

A
  • FNs recorded in oral histories in own languages
  • Canada’s gov recorded in English
  • Oral and written records disagree on key aspects
47
Q

Medal on pg.129

A
  • Canada’s gov struck medals for commemoration of NTs
  • 1874 Treaty 6 one
  • Two ppl shaking hands
  • Symbolizes Canada’s gov and FNs as equals
48
Q

Alexander Morris

A
  • Paternal kinda of figure in his opinion
  • Implying FNs need guidance
  • Ethnocentric undertone
  • Modernize FNs homes
  • Says they retain values but with “Queens gift” = civilization basically
  • Uses “Indians”
49
Q

Circles on young girls heads represent …

A
  • the cycle of the sun from sunrise to sunset
50
Q

Policy

A
  • Describes gov objectives within law
51
Q

Law

A
  • Describes principles or conditions that must be followed
52
Q

Residential schools year

A

1879 - 1996

53
Q

Residential schools who

A
  • Canada’s gov commissioned MP Nicholas Davin for recommending how to provide FNs education while assimilating
  • Davin Report recommended
54
Q

Residential schools

A
  • Removed children from families
  • Disrupted connections to languages, cultures, identities
  • Allowed “aggressive civilization”
55
Q

What has Canada’s gov begun to do for former residential school students?

A
  • Compensate for trauma suffered
56
Q

1939

A
  • FNs in AB organized Indian Association of Alberta
57
Q

Aims of Indian Association of AB

A
  1. To maintain treaty rights.
  2. To advance the social and economic welfare of Indian peoples.
  3. To secure better educational facilities and opportunities.
  4. To cooperate with federal, provincial, and local governments for the benefit of Indians.
58
Q

Justin Trudeau/Constitution and collective rights

A
  • Aboriginals needed to be equal under law as other Canadians
  • Laws that set them apart as obstacles to equality
  • Aboriginals saw as affirmations of identity
59
Q

Nunavut Land Claim Agreement

A
  • 1993

- Inuit title to more than 350 000 square km in Nunavut

60
Q

Laws affirming collective rights

A
  • Treaties 6,7,8
  • Indian Act
  • Official Bilingualism
  • Minority Language Education Rights
  • Manitoba Act
  • Section 35, Constitution Act
61
Q

Legislation relating to collective rights

A
  • Canada’s Constitution

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Social 9 (7 decks)

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