Chapter 4

Question 1

the most important factor that limits the size of a cell is the?

Answer 1

the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the cell

Question 2

where are the prokaryotes DNAs located?

Answer 2

nucleoid

Question 3

Prokaryote cells components

Answer 3

cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili, and flagellum.

Question 4

How do prokaryotes move?

Answer 4

by rotating their flagella

Question 5

What is the bacterial cell wall made of?

Answer 5

peptidoglycan

Question 6

How does penicillin affect bacteria?

Answer 6

interfere with the ability of bacteria to cross-link peptides in their cell wall

Question 7

How is compartmentalization achieved in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

endomembrane system

Question 8

all eukaryotic cells are supported by an internal protein…

Answer 8

cytoskeleton

Question 9

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipids bilayer membranes, which together make up the…

Answer 9

nuclear envelope

Question 10

The animal cell is composed of

Answer 10

nucleus, cytoskeleton, centriole, cytoplasm, lysosome, ribosomes, RER, SER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, peroxisome, and plasma membrane

Question 11

The plant cell is composed of

Answer 11

RER, SER, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, adjacent cell wall, cell wall, plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, cytoskeleton, and nucleus

Question 12

What is chromatin?

Answer 12

DNA linear chromosomes

Question 13

The largest of the internal membrane is called?

Answer 13

Endoplasmatic Reticulum ER

Question 14

What is synthesized in the RER?

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

What is synthesized in the SER?

Answer 15

Lipids and steroids

Question 16

The function of Golgi is?

Answer 16

collection and distribution of molecules

Question 17

Golgi’s front is called…

Answer 17

receiving and or cis near to the ER

Question 18

Golgi’s back or…

Answer 18

trans face

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

contain digestive enzymes active at acid pH

Question 20

3 types of fibers compose the cytoskeleton

Answer 20

actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

Question 21

centrosomes are…

Answer 21

microtubule-organizing centers

Question 22

adhesive junctions

Answer 22

found in all animals. they mechanically attach the cytoskeleton of one cell to the cytoskeleton of another cell. muscle and skin epithelium

Question 23

adherens junctions

Answer 23

based on cadherin. ca2+ dependent, flexible connections between cells

Question 24

Desmosomes

Answer 24

cadherin-based junction. Only vertebrates. Desmosomes join adjacent cells. support tissues against mechanical stress

Question 25

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 25

connect cells to the basal lamina. integrins

Question 26

Tight junctions

Answer 26

Only vertebrates. Claudins. forms between cells and acts as a wall within the tissue

Question 27

communicating junctions: gap junctions

Answer 27

in invertebrates they are formed by pannexins. invertebrates they are formed by connexons. provide passage to small substances. they can open and close

Question 28

Plasmodesmata

Answer 28

plants.plasma membranes of adjacent cells can come into contact with one another