Chapter 4

Question 1

What activity causes the activation of the Fusiform Face Area(FFA)?

Answer 1

facial recognition tasks

Question 2

What activity causes the activation of the Occipital Cortex(LOC)?

Answer 2

object recognition tasks

Question 3

What are people with prosopagnosia unable to do or have difficulty doing?

Answer 3

recognizing individual faces, including their own

Question 4

What are people with semantic agnosia unable to do or have difficulty doing?

Answer 4

recognizing general objects

Question 5

What’s the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 5

Sensation is the activation of receptors directly by stimuli, perception is the conversion of the stimuli into a form that can be understood and acted upon

Question 6

True or False? We see with our eyes

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What’s the difference between perception being absolute versus contextual

Answer 7

if perception were absolute, every body would perceive things exactly the same and we would perceive things exactly as they are in the real world. But since perception is contextual the context from which we receive information plays a big role in how we perceive things and we don’t perceive the world exactly as it is sometimes.

Question 8

A woman is practising her trapeze skills after a long break from circus life, she has no problem balancing but as she looks onward ahead of her she has trouble estimating where and how much her legs have to move to continue down the rope. What sense is she having trouble with? Define this sense.

Answer 8

Proprioception, which is the ability to sense where your limbs are in space,

Question 9

What is a bi-stable stimuli and what is it a result of.

Answer 9

A stimuli that shifts in orientation and is due to the brain not being able to decide between 2 guesses of what the stimuli lookes like in the real world

Question 10

What difference between the functions of the dorsal and ventral stream?

Answer 10

The dorsal stream processes where objects are and how to manipulate them.
The ventral stream processes what objects are.

Question 11

A person’s parietal lobe is damaged due to an accident, what visual processing stream will likely be impaired as a result.

Answer 11

The dorsal stream, which is in the parietal lobe.

Question 12

Based on Goodale & Milner(1991) what was the patient with ventral damage unable to do that the patient with dorsal was able to do.

Answer 12

Patient with ventral damage was unable to do perception orientation tas.

Question 13

Based on Goodale & Milner(1991) what was the patient with dorsal damage unable to do that the patient with ventral was able to do.

Answer 13

Patient with dorsal damage was unable to perform action-based orientation task.

Question 14

describe the template model.

Answer 14

Idea that object recognition happens by matching what we see to the image we have stored of the object previously, point for point.

Question 15

What idea are feature-based models inspired fro

Answer 15

the idea that object recognition happens through recognizing the common features of objects across variations

Question 16

A patient is able to what objects are but not able to not able to tell the difference between different orientations and locations that objects are placed in . What stream of visual processing is likely damaged in the patient? What is this stream in charge of.

Answer 16

the dorsal stream. It’s in charge of knowing where objects are in space and how to manipulate them.

Question 17

A patient is unable to orient a stimulus correctly using visual guidance, but is able to manipulate an object physically using action. What stream of visual processing is likely damaged in the patient? What is this stream in charge of.

Answer 17

the ventral stream. It’s in charge of processing our perception of what objects physically are.

Question 18

Name the feature-based model described below. In our minds, we store a 3D image of what we see and are able to recognize objects using this 3D image by matching our particular viewpoint of the object with any part of the 3D image representation in our minds.

Answer 18

Structure model

Question 19

What feature-based model is described below? We store representation of the things we see from the different angles that we see them from. Object recognition is the matching of what we see with any one of the angles from which we’ve seen the object from in the past.

Answer 19

view-point model

Question 20

A patient is unable to name, match or discriminate between objects. They’re also unable to copy pictures of objects but can discriminate between color and are not blind. What type of agnosia does the patient have?

Answer 20

Apperceptive agnosia

Question 21

What is the root issue in apperceptive agnosia?

Answer 21

The individual is unable to combine the basic elements of objects

Question 22

What are the 3 dimensions of attention

Answer 22

exogenous-endogenous, overt-covert, autonomous-controlled

Question 23

What is the Geon thoery

Answer 23

The idea that we recognize things by the 3D parts of them that stay constant no matter what angle we are viewing them from.

Question 24

What are the main factors that drive attention?

Answer 24

The saliency of a stimulus, its importance and previous knowledge

Question 25

Describe Broadbent’s filter theory of attention

Answer 25

His theory is an early filter theory, with a model in which sensory information is immediately filtered and only what we’re paying attention to is filtered, then transported to the Detector where the meaning of the word is consciously understood.

Question 26

Describe Triesman’s filter theory of attention

Answer 26

Is an early filter model in which sensory information is immediately filtered through a leaky filter that allows some (all) unattended information to pass through. Attended information is increased in intensity and unattended information is attenuated. Then the information is taken to the Dictionary unit where words have to surpass the threshold of their corresponding word in the unit, in order for the meaning of the word to be processed and moved into memory, to affect memory.

Question 27

Define perception

Answer 27

the representation of the external world in our minds which we need in order to be able to understand and act upon the things in our environment

Question 28

Describe the experience error

Answer 28

It is the false assumption that we experience the world directly from our senses and therefore how we experience the world is exactly as it exists.

Question 29

what is a classic example that supports the existence of the experience error?

Answer 29

visual illusions; they show that there is a gap between how the world exists and how we perceive it.

Question 30

What are the 3 approaches to studying perception?

Answer 30

Perception can be studied using the 1)computational approach which focuses on how the brain represents sensory inputs, 2) Gestalt approach which studies how the the principles that the brain uses to join the basic components of information into meaningful wholes or 3) perception/action approach which believes that the the goal of perception is to enable us to act so it studies how perception allows us to know how to act in situations