Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Define species
A
- Groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring
2
Q
Define population
A
Group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time
3
Q
Define autotroph
A
- Organisms that make their own carbon compounds from CO2 and other substances
Ex) plants
4
Q
Define heterotroph
A
- Organisms that obtain their carbon compounds from other organisms
Ex) animals
5
Q
Give an example of an organism that uses both autotrophic and heterotrophic method of nutrition
A
- Euglena gracilis have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis with the presence of light
- Feed on detritus or smaller organisms by endocytosis
- Mixotrophic
6
Q
List 3 types of heterotrophs
A
- Consumers
- Detrivores
- Saprotrophs
7
Q
Define consumers
A
- Heterotrophs that feed on living organisms (plants, animals, or both) by ingestion
- Take in undigested materials and digest them to absorb the products
8
Q
Define Detrivores
A
- Heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion
- Dead organic materials include dead leaves, feathers, hairs, feces
- Detrivores ingest dead organic matter then digest it internally and absorb the products
9
Q
Define saprotrophs
A
- Heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organic matter by external digestion
- Secrete digestive enzyme into the dead organic matter and digest it externally
- Then absorb the products of digestion
10
Q
Define community
A
- Formed by populations of different species living together and interacting with each other
- Composed of all organisms living in an area
11
Q
Define ecosystem
A
- Community of organisms in an area and their non-living environment in a single highly complex interacting system
- Biotic and abiotic factors influence each other
12
Q
Explain how the supply of inorganic nutrients is maintained
A
- Limited supplies of chemical elements
- Nutrients can be endlessly recycled – organisms absorb the elements, use them, then return them to the environment
13
Q
State the three requirements for sustainability in ecosystems
A
- Nutrient availability
- Detoxification of waste products
- Energy availability
14
Q
How does energy flow in the ecosystem
A
- Initial form of energy is sunlight
- Converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis
- Chemical energy in carbon compounds flows through food chains by means of feeding
- Energy is released by respiration and converted to heat
15
Q
What do organisms need energy for
A
- Synthesizing large molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins
- Pumping molecules or ions across membranes by active transport
- Moving things around inside the cell or muscle cells in contraction
