Chapter 4 Flashcards
adjust
v. change slightly, fine-tune, modify
Do you adjust easily to change? For instance, how long does it take you to get over jet lag when you travel? Describe your most recent travel experience.
intelligence
n. brains, mental ability, cleverness
How important is intelligence in achieving success? Why?
practitioner
n. professional, worker
Would you like to be a health-care practitioner? Why or why not
remove
v. take away, get rid of, eliminate
Do you think that students who speak their language in class should be removed from the classroom so that they do not disrupt others? Why or why not?
transform
v. change, alter, convert
In what ways would you like to transform your life? Why?
ideology
n. philosophy, belief, principle
Which political ideology fits most closely with your own personal views: communism, capitalism, or socialism? Why?
licensed
adj. approved, certified, qualified
Are you a licensed driver? When did you get your license? Do you like driving? Why or why not?
regulate
v. control, normalize, adjust
Do you think genetically-modified foods should be regulated? For example, should they be labeled as such so that consumers know what they are buying?
restore
v. reinstate, re-establish, bring back
What do you do when you need to restore your strength and energy? Why?
appreciably
adv. noticeably, substantially, considerably
Do you believe your world view has changed, or would change, appreciably through international travel? Why or why not?
computer
n. processor, laptop
What kind of computer do you have? Are you satisfied with it? Why or why not?
eliminate
v. get rid of, do away with, remove
Do you work on eliminating negative thoughts from your mind? Are you able to do this? Why or why not?
ongoing
adj. continuing, constant, unending
Describe an ongoing interest you have had since childhood. Why do you like this activity?
reverse
v. undo, turn around, turn back
Have you ever reversed an important decision you made? In other words, have you ever changed your mind about something? Explain.
computation
n. calculation, totaling
Do you like performing mathematical computations? Why or why not?
data
n. information, facts, statistics
What kind of data do you store on your computer? What would you do if you lost all of the data on your computer hard drive?
innovative
adj. new, original, inventive
What innovative technological device do you appreciate most? Why?
radically
adv. fundamentally, thoroughly, totally
What is radically different about your life today compared to five years ago? How did this change occur?
unprecedented
adj. unparalleled, first-time, unmatched
Is mastering a foreign language an unprecedented accomplishment in your family? Why or why not?
aware
adj. conscious, knowledgeable
Are you aware of any really good restaurants close to your school? Do you like to dine out? Why or why not?
culture
n. way of life, ethnicity, traditions
Which culture would you like to find out more about? Why?
hierarchy
n. chain of command, ranked group
Is there a hierarchy in your family? If so, who is at the top of the list? Where do you fit in? How do you feel about this?
objective
adj. unbiased, neutral, detached
Do you think people in love can be objective about their partners? Why or why not?
prioritize
v. rank in order of importance, value
Do you prioritize your daily activities by making a “to-do” list every morning? Why or why not?
subordinate
n. inferior, assistant, underling
Would you rather be a supervisor or a subordinate? Why?
consultation
n. discussion, talk, conference
Would you like to have a private consultation with a career counselor to discuss your future plans? Why or why not?
constitute
v. comprise, make up
In your opinion, what constitutes a life well lived? Why?
immigration
n. arrival of new settlers in a country
What are your thoughts on immigration? What are the challenges and the rewards?
overseas
adv. abroad, in a foreign country
What overseas location would you most like to visit? Why?
straightforward
adj. frank, direct, honest
Do you like direct, straightforward people or do you prefer people who are tactful and make an effort to consider your feelings? Why?
adapt
v. adjust, get used to, become accustomed to
Do you adapt well to new situations? Why or why not? How well did you adapt to a foreign culture the last time you traveled? Explain.
area
n. region, section, location
Would you rather live in a rural or urban area? Give two reasons why.
capacity
n. ability, capability, aptitude
Do you believe you have the capacity to succeed in life? Why or why not?
circumstance
n. situation, condition
What circumstances in your life are you happy with? Why? Which circumstances would you like to change? Why? Do you think life circumstances are the underlying reason for happiness? Why or why not?
format
n. structure, layout, organization
What is the proper format for a TOEFL Independent Writing essay? What is the correct format for a TOEFL Integrated Writing essay?
label
n. name, classification, categorization, pigeonholing
Has anyone ever put an inappropriate label on you? If so, what was it, and how did you react?
appropriate
adj. suitable, fitting, proper
What is an appropriate gift for someone who is about to be married? Why? What kind of gift would be inappropriate? Why?
assess
v. measure, evaluate
How often do you think instructors should assess their students with tests? Why?
cite
v. quote, refer to, mention
In which type of TOEFL writing do you have to cite information in your essay? What is some of the language you can use to cite information?
display
v. show, exhibit, demonstrate
Do you think it is appropriate to display emotions at work? Why or why not?
instruction
n. teaching, training, education
What style of instruction do you prefer? Why?
logical
adj. rational, reasonable, coherent
Do you think you are a logical person? Why or why not?
option
n. alternative, choice
What options have you considered so far for a career? Which one seems to hold the most promise for you? Why? Which options would you never consider? Why?
region
n. area, section, zone
What region of the world would you like to explore? Why?
sphere
n. area, field, realm
What sphere would you prefer to work in— business, science, social science, education, or the arts? Why?
professional
adj. job-related, career-related
What kind of professional qualifications are you going to need for the job you want? Why?
reject
v. discard, deny, refuse
What kinds of behavior would you reject in a friend or romantic partner? Why?
style
n. method, approach, way, manner
Would you prefer working for a manager with a friendly or a business-like management style? Give two reasons why.
accurate
adj. correct, truthful, precise
Are you an accurate typist? Explain. How fast can you type?
concept
n. idea, notion, theory
What do you think of the concept of life on other planets? Why?
prediction
n. forecast, guess, prophecy
What prediction can you make about your partner’s future? Why?
analysis
n. examination, study, investigation
What do you think a psychiatrist would say about you if the doctor did an analysis of your personality? Why?
initial
adj. first, early, original
Describe your initial impression of a place you recently visited.
utilize
v. use, employ, make use of
Do you think you utilize your time effectively? Why or why not?
assessment
n. evaluation, judgment, opinion
Do you think a TOEFL score provides an accurate assessment of your English level? Why or why not?
eventually
adv. in the end, ultimately
Where do you think you will eventually end up living? Why?
imply
v. suggest, hint at, insinuate
If you have something negative to say to someone are you more likely to imply it or to state it directly? Why?
task
n. job, assignment, duty
What kind of household tasks do you dislike most? Why?
abstractly
adv. theoretically, conceptually
Are you good at thinking abstractly about concepts? If so, give an example. If not, why not?
exclusive
adj. sole, absolute
Do you have exclusive rights to your computer or do you share it with other people in your home? How do you feel about sharing things in general?
select
adj. elite, restricted, limited, exclusive
Are you a member of any select groups? For instance, are you a member of a sports team or an artistic group?
affective
adj. emotional
Do you think there is any future for affective computing or do you think it is just a crazy idea? Why?
interpret
v. understand, decode, figure out
Do people in your country interpret facial expressions and gestures in the same way as they are interpreted in the US or Canada? Explain.
respond
v. react, reply, answer
How do you feel about responding to TOEFL Speaking questions using a microphone? Does it bother you or do you feel comfortable with the idea? Why?
domain
n. field, sphere, area
Are you more interested in the domain of science or the domain of business? Why?
precisely
adv. exactly, specifically, in particular
Precisely, what do you intend to do for the rest of the day? Why?
function
v. work, perform, operate
Do you function best in the morning, the afternoon, or the evening? Why?
motivate
v. inspire, stimulate, encourage
Does your instructor motivate you to study harder? Why or why not?
revolutionary
adj. radical, innovative, ground-breaking
What revolutionary ideas have changed the world? Which one has changed it the most? Give two reasons why.
