Chapter 4-8 Patho quizzes Flashcards
What should be included in a possible list of imaging differential diagnosis when acoustic shadows are presented behind the aorta and the sonographer is having difficulty visualizing both the anterior and posterior wall?
Arteriosclerosis
What could account for decreased pulsations of the abdominal aortic walls and hyperechoic aortic wall echoes?
Arteriosclerosis
What is a possible explanation for a 63-year-old patient who presents with multiple low-level echoes within the aorta that persist with gain and sensitivity changes?
Thrombus within the aorta
What is the most common type of splanchnic artery aneurysm?
Splenic
What is the most common location of aneurysms associated with the continuation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Iliac artery
What is a common finding associated with vascular stenosis?
Poststenotic dilatation
What condition may cause thrombosis with venous inflammation or trauma?
Venous stasis
What disease begins as fibro-fatty plaque on the intima of large arteries?
Atherosclerosis
Which area is carefully scanned on a follow-up examination on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation?
Portal triad
Fatty infiltrative disease has the same appearance as which pathology?
Cirrhosis
As a blood reservoir, the liver has the capacity to enlarge and store how much blood?
200 to 400 mL
A marked increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) variance, greater than 1,000 U/mL, is clinically indicative of what pathology?
Acute severe fulminating hepatitis
What is the most likely explanation when a 43-year-old woman is clinically jaundiced and has a marked elevated serum conjugated (direct reading) bilirubin level?
Obstructive jaundice
What are the clinical implications for a 52-year-old man with a liver sonography examination suggesting long-standing liver disease and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein?
Primary carcinoma
If a malignant neoplasm appears as an anechoic mass, what is a likely explanation for this echo characteristic?
The central liquefaction of necrosis
What is the most common primary liver malignancy in an adult?
Hepatoma
Severe sound attenuation is associated with which pathology?
Cirrhosis
What Doppler signal would be expected in the portal vein of a patient with portal hypertension?
Hepatofugal flow
What vascular tumor is composed of blood vessel cells with a nonspecific sonographic appearance?
Hemangioma
What is the likely cause for echoes originating from within the gallbladder with acoustic shadows?
Cholelithiasis
What is a choledochal cyst?
Dilated extrahepatic duct
When would the sonographer be unable able to image and document a thickened gallbladder wall?
Postcholecystectomy
What is the best explanation if the sonogram reveals a focal area of high echogenicity with acoustic attenuation (shadowing)?
Cholelithiasis
What is a diagnostic explanation for a 40-year-old woman with right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice, and elevated alkaline phosphatase?
Cholelithiasis
Which echogenic intraluminal projection does not change location with a change in the patient’s position and does not cast an acoustic shadow?
Polyp
Acute cholecystitis is most likely to occur secondary to which entity?
Calculi impaction in the cystic duct
What is the normal gallbladder wall thickness measured parallel to the sound beam adjacent to the liver?
1 to 3 mm
If the patient has a known history of a porcelain gallbladder, what will the sonographer observe?
Varying amounts of calcification in the gallbladder wall
What symptom describes tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure?
Murphy’s sign
What condition describes acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder?
Cholecystitis
What anatomic structure is located lateral and to the left of the common bile duct?
Hepatic artery
What is the most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient?
Acute pancreatitis
Neoplasms of which origin comprise the largest group of pancreatic tumors?
Exocrine
What is the likely explanation for a septated cystic mass in the head of the pancreas in a 43-year-old, chronic alcoholic who presents with a normal serum lipase, elevated serum amylase, and an enlarging mass in the epigastrium?
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts in the kidney, liver, and pancreas?
Polycystic disease
When is the spleen considered to be enlarged?
The length exceeds 13 cm
What is ruled out when the sonographer demonstrates the spleen?
Asplenia
Leukopenia may result from what condition?
Anaphylactic shock
What may be demonstrated in the spleen, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands in patients with extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection secondary to AIDS?
Calcifications
What process contributes to an acquired aplasia and hypoplasia?
Repeated infarction
