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Anatomy & physiology 1 > Chapter 4-8 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-8 Flashcards

1
Q

What consist of nucelotide?

A

One Sugar, One Phosphate Group, One Nitrogenous Base

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2
Q

Pyrimidnes (Single Ring)

A

(C)ytosine & (T)hymine

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3
Q

Purines (Double Ring)

A

(A)denine & (G)uanine

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4
Q

What are nitrogenous bases united by?

A

A & T, C & G

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5
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA material complexed w/ proteins

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6
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

The parallel filaments of identical DNA

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7
Q

What does ribose replace as sugar?

A

Deoxyribose

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8
Q

What does uracil replace as a nitrogenous base?

A

Thymine

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9
Q

What does RNA do?

A

Interpret DNA code

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10
Q

What is Genetic Code?

A

System that channels A,T,C,G to code for the amino acid sequence of all proteins

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11
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

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12
Q

mRNA

A

Mirror image of the gene which travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasma

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13
Q

Transcription

A

Copying genetic instructions from DNA to RNA

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14
Q

Translation

A

The process that converts the language of nuclotides into the language of amino acids

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15
Q

What is the amino acid sequence of protein determined by?

A

Nucelotide sequence in DNA

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16
Q

What is RNA polymerse

A

Enzyme that binds to the DNA and assembles mRNA

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17
Q

What does RNA do?

A

C binds to G and A binds to U

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18
Q

What are the role of ribosomes in translation?

A

Translate sequence of nucleotides into the sequence of amino acids

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19
Q

Process of Transcription

A

Pre-mRNA, Exons, Introns, Alternative Splicing

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20
Q

What do cells synthesize?

A

Glycogen, Fat, Steroids, Phospholipids. Pigments

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21
Q

Cytokinsis

A

the division of cytoplasma into two cells

22
Q

Heterozygous Alleles

A

difference alleles for that gene

23
Q

Homozygous Alleles

A

two identical alleles for a trait

24
Q

What are the 4 categories of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous & Muscualr

25
Q

Organ

A

Structure w/ discrete boundaries that is composed of 2 or more tissue types

26
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells that arise from the same region and work together

27
Q

What is matrix composed of?

A

Fibrous Proteins, ECF, Ground Substance

28
Q

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

A

Ectoderm (Outer), Endoderm (Inner), Mesoderm (Middle)

29
Q

What does the Ectoderm give rinse to?

A

Epidermis & Nervous

30
Q

What does Endoderm give rinse to?

A

Digestive & Respiratory

31
Q

What does the Mesoderm give rinse to?

A

Muscle, Blood & Bone

32
Q

How to interpret Tissue Sections

A

Sectioning & Formaling

33
Q

Properties of Epithelia Tissue

A

Flat sheet. Covers body surface. Lines body cavities. Secretion & Absorption. Lies on connective tissue

34
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Layer b/w an epithelium and connective tissue

35
Q

What consist of the basement membrane

A

Collagen, Laminin Gylcoprotein, Heparin Sulfate

36
Q

What is the purpose of the basement membrane

A

Anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue below

37
Q

Basal Surface

A

Surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane

38
Q

Apical Surface

A

Surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane

39
Q

Simple Epithelial Properties

A

1 Layer of cells. All cells touch basement membrane

40
Q

Stratified Epithelial Properties

A

More than 1 layer. Cells rest of each other. Do NOT touch basement membrance

41
Q

Globlet Cells

A

Mucus secreting cells in the simple columnar and pseudo-stratified epithelial

42
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Single Row of Think Cells. Permits rapid diffusion. Secretes Serous Fluid. (Found in Kidneys/Lungs)

43
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Square. Absorption. Mucus production & movement. (Found in liver, thyroid, mammary/salivary glands)

44
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Tall cells. Brush border of microvilli. (Found GI tract, uterine, kidneys, and uterine tubes)

45
Q

Pseudo stratified Epithelium

A

Looks multi-layered. W/ Cilia and Goblet Cells (Found in respiratory tract)

46
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

Range from 2-20 layers of cells. Deepest layers go under mitosis.

47
Q

Keratinized Stratified

A

Resist abrasion. (Found on Palmar & Plantar)

48
Q

NonKeratinized Startified

A

Lacks surface layer of dead cells(Found in tongue, vagina, and oral)

49
Q

Startified Cuboidial Epithelium

A

secretes sweat, sperm production and ovarian hormones (Sweat Glands)

50
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Allows for filling of urinary tract. (Ureter & Bladder)

Anatomy & physiology 1 (1 decks)

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