Chapter 4

Question 1

incidental learning.

Answer 1

We learn even when we don’t try: We recognize many brand names and hum many product jingles, for example, even for products we don’t personally use.

Question 2

Classical conditioning:

Answer 2

a stimulus that elicits a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own.

Question 3

Instrumental conditioning (also, operant conditioning)

Answer 3

the individual learns to perform behaviors that produce positive outcomes and to avoid those that yield negative outcomes.