Chapter 4, 7 & 8 Flashcards
instrumental social actions
Actions that are completed to achieve specific objective in a social setting.
Experience-sharing
Develops desire and skills
- to be a good playmate
- to value others POV
- to develop friendships
- to conduct emotion-based interactions
Primary Intersubjectivity
- 0-6 months
- connecting with others
- caregiver is responsible
Secondary Intersubjectivity
- 6-18 months
- conscious awareness of both self and others as sharing an experience.
- more independent
Intersubjectivity
The integration of information about self-experience of an object or event with information about how others experience the same object or event.
Responding to Joint Attention
- 3-6 months
- Primary intersubjectivity
- Infants follow direction of gaze, head turn, and/or point gesture of another person.
Initiating Joint Attention
- 6-9 months
- Secondary Intersubjectivity
- Infant uses eye contact and/or dietetic gestures to spontaneously initiate coordinated attention with a social partner.
Initiating Behavior Requests
- 9-10 months
- Secondary Intersubjectivity
- Infant uses eye contact and gestures to innate attention coordination with another person to elicit aid in obtaining an object or event.
Emergence of Language
- Joint attention
- Language
- Further social-emotional cognition
Theory of Mind
Growing ability to make inferences, leading to good language comprehension and strong social interaction skills.
Temperament
The how of the behavior or behavioral style.
Flexible
Fearful
Feisty
Mainstream Caregivers
Use a variety of behaviors to engage and maintain the interest of infants such as exaggerated facial expressions, child-directed speech, labeling.
Vertical Development
Communication skills become more complex with age and cognitive development.
Perlocutionary
0-8 months
(adults interpret)
Eye contact, turn taking, joint attention
Illocutionary
9-12 months
(intentional communication behaviors)
Gestures and jargon
Locutionary
13+ months
Use of conventional symbols to make things happen
and utterance of first word
Horizontal Development
Utterance Level
Discourse level
Social Level
Factors effecting emotional communication
- Blindness
- Deafness
- SLI
- ASD
Whole Object Bias
Guides the child to infer that the word label refers to the entire object and not just a part or its motion.
Requirements for a Word
- Recognizability
- The word has association to something in the environment.
- The word recurs on other occasions to show that the child has acquired a conventional meaning.
Protowords
Almost a word
Ex. “nananana” -taken as “no”
First Words
Appear typically from 11-13 months
Decontextualization
The gradual distancing of a symbol from the original referent or learning context.
Diectic Gestures
- Showing
- Giving
- Pointing
- Ritual Request
Are prelinguistic gestures because they emerge before the child speaks their first word.
Representation Gestures
Convey some action/doing to refer to other person
Ex. Hands up as a bear and roars to communicate a bear.
Emblems
Conventional symbols, language like/ abstract symbols
Ex. Thumbs up, okay sign
Beat Gestures
Follow rhythm of speech
speaking with hands
Ritual Request
A diectic gesture that conveys an infants wants or needs for something by reaching with and open hand.
Show Gestures
A diectic gesture in which a child holds an object in view of his or her partner to engage him in an interaction but does not hand over object.
Mental Representation
Knowledge that is stored or represented in memory.
Secure Attachment
Protest mothers departure
Avoidant Attachment
No distress of mother departure and explores toys
Resistant-ambivalent attachment
Sadness on mothers departure and then anger when she returns
Disorganized-disoriented attachment
No clear strategy
Cultural variations
Education, security, money, shelter, food.
Relationship between gestures and mental representation
Gestures explains a kids thought how successful they are at expressing it helps us realize what they see in their mind and mental thoughts on it.
Overextension
When a child uses a word broadly
Ex. calling every man “dad”
Underextension
Words that have a narrow meaning
Ex. only their dog is a “dog”
