Chapter 4

Question 1

A mixture of two substances.

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

The major component into which solutes are dissolved.

Answer 2

Solvent

Question 3

the minor component suspended in the solvent.

Answer 3

Solute

Question 4

________ molecules carry an electric charge, tend to be hydrophilic.

Answer 4

Polar

Question 5

________ molecules have no net charge, tend to be hydrophobic.

Answer 5

Non-polar

Question 6

Phospholipids are an example of an amphipathis.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

______processes are ones that need no additional energy input.

Answer 7

Passive

Question 8

_______ processes require additional, chemical energy to function properly.

Answer 8

Active

Question 9

_______ is the passive movement of a solute from a region of high to low in a solution until the solute has reached equilibrium.

Answer 9

Diffusion

Question 10

Temperature, size, and magnitude of the concentration gradient are the main factors that modify rates of diffusion.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Biological membranes are ________ ________.

Answer 11

Selectively Permable

Question 12

_____ is the passive diffusion of water across a membrane down its concentration gradient.

Answer 12

Osmosis

Question 13

A _________ solution has a lower solute concentration than another area.

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

A ________ solution has a higher solute concentration than another area.

Answer 14

Hypertonic

Question 15

An __________ solution has an equal concentration of solutes.

Answer 15

Isotonic

Question 16

In a isotonic solution, cells stay the same size.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

In a hypertonic solution, lose water and shrink.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

________ ________ is the passive movement of molecules across a membrane using a helper molecule.

Answer 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 19

_______ proteins have a pore through which specific molecules can pass through.

Answer 19

Channel

Question 20

________ ______ proteins bind to specific molecules and changes shape to allow passage.

Answer 20

Passive Carrier

Question 21

__________ is bulk export, expelling material from the cell.

Answer 21

Exocytosis

Question 22

______ is bulk export, brings substances into the cell that cannot penetrate the cell membrane.

Answer 22

Endocytosis

Question 23

The three major types of endocytosis are: Receptor-Mediated, Phagocytosis, and Pincytosis.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

______-_____ endocytosis uses specialized receptor proteins to determine which substances are incorporated into the vesicles created by the plasma membrane.

Answer 24

Receptor-Mediated

Question 25

______ (cell eating) - ingest specific large matter such as a bacteria or virus.

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

______ (cell drinking) - a nonspecific endocytosis that bring in all the material in a immediate area.

Answer 26

Pinocytosis

Question 27

The three types of cell junctions are: Anchoring, Tight, and Gap.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

________ junctions link cells that typically undergo heavy structural stress.

Answer 28

Achoring

Question 29

______ junctions are belts of proteins that create leak-proof sheet of cells, which can be found in the skin and lining of the body cavities.

Answer 29

Tight

Question 30

_______ junctions are direct connections between two cells formed by protein-lined tunnels.

Answer 30

Gap

Question 31

The three common signaling molecules are: neurotransmitters, hormones, and membrane proteins.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Neurotransmitters are extremely fast communicates between neighboring nerve cells.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Hormones can communicate between neighboring cells, or from across the body.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Membrane proteins identify a cell or communicate a particular message.

Answer 34

True