Chapter 4

Question 1

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

a form of energy that exhibits wave light behavior as it travels through space

Question 2

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 2

all forms of electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

wavelength

Answer 3

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second.

Question 5

photoelectric effect

Answer 5

refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal.

Question 6

Quuantum

Answer 6

the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom.

Question 7

photon

Answer 7

a particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy.

Question 8

Ground State

Answer 8

lowest energy state of an atom.

Question 9

excited state

Answer 9

when a atom has a higher potential energy than its ground state

Question 10

line-emission spetrum

Answer 10

specific frequencies emitted by the element.

Question 11

continuous spectrum

Answer 11

emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 12

it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle

Question 13

Quantum theory

Answer 13

describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles.

Question 14

orbital

Answer 14

a three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.

Question 15

Quantum numbers

Answer 15

specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Question 16

Principal quantum numbers

Answer 16

symbolized by “n” indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron

Question 17

Angular momentum quantum number

Answer 17

symbolized by ‘l’ indicates the shape of an orbital

Question 18

manetic quantum number

Answer 18

symbolized by ‘m’indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus.

Question 19

Spin quantum number

Answer 19

only 2 possible values (+1/2, -1/2) indicates the 2 fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital.

Question 20

electron configuration

Answer 20

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 21

aufbau principle

Answer 21

an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it.

Question 22

Pauli extension principle

Answer 22

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Question 23

Hund’s rule

Answer 23

orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron

Question 24

highest occupied level

Answer 24

the electron containing main energy level with the highest principal quantum number.

Question 25

inner-shell electron

Answer 25

electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level.

Question 26

noble gases

Answer 26

the group 18 elements

Question 27

noble gas configuration

Answer 27

the electron configuration of a noble gas