Chapter 4

Question 1

Illness

Answer 1

the unhealthy state caused by the disease caused by a virus, genetic factors or environmental conditions

Question 2

Sick role

Answer 2

the tendency for people look for support and empathy from others when they are feeling ill
Rewards from being ill are secondary gains

Question 3

Retrospective research design

Answer 3

Research strategies when we ask people to recall past illnesses and stressors

Question 4

Prospective research design

Answer 4

Research strategies when a longitudinal design; examine a person’s stressors and illnesses for a set period of time

Question 5

Correlational study

Answer 5

type of study where we measure the relationship between stress and illness, without showing causation; observational

Question 6

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 6

the study of the relationship between the psychological, neurological, and immunological interactions

Question 7

How to Stengthen the immune system

Answer 7

Behavioral strategies for strengthening the immune system:
Wash hands: remove harmful pathogens before they get into your body
Get immunized
Get sufficient sleep: good quality sleep maintains the immune system
Exercise: regular moderate exercise is the most effective behavioral strategy for boosting the immune system