Chapter 4 Flashcards
Where is carbon dioxide found?
Stomata
light dependent-
where?
Grana (chlorophyll absorbs light energy, embedded in the thylakoid membranes of the grana)
Reactants and Products of light dependent stage?
Reactancts: Water and Light Energy
Products: H+ picked by NADP+ to form NADPH,
ATP, O2 released as byproduct
light independent-
where?
Happens in the stroma,
Reactants and products of light independent stage?
-ATP releases energy (ADP cycles back to grana)
-NADPH releases H+ (NADP+ cycles back to grana)
-CO2 is used
-ATP releases energy (ADP cycles back to grana)
-Calvin cycle happens
Products: Glucose – (C6H12O6) is produced
ATP formation
ATP forms from ADP and inorganic phosphate – very quickly.Energy in glucose is much harder to access – many steps are needed to release it
Energy need
Any endergonic reaction or process, eg synthesis reactions such as:
Protein synthesis
DNA synthesis
Making new molecules for membrane synthesis
-Active transport
-Movement
-Endocytosis or exocytosis (secretion)
Glycolysis- where
-Takes place in the cytosol
Glycolysis-what
- broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
- NADH and 2 ATP molecules are produced on the way
Gycolysis- presence
oxygen is not present
Krebs cycle- where
inner matrix of the mitochondria
Krebs cycle- what
- Pyruvate enters the cycle
- process of pyruvate being broken donw
What is each pyruvate moecule broken down into?
- 3 molecules of CO2 are produced
- 3 NADH are made
- 1 FADH2 is made (another type of acceptor molecule)
- 1 ATP is made
Electron transport chain-where
cristae of the mitochondria
Electron transport chain- what is needed?
-Oxygen
-Cytochromes- compounds
-Electrons from loaded acceptors
-
Electron transport chain- what happens?
- Oxygen interacts with the electrons, becomes negatively charged then reacts with H+ to form water
- As electrons are transported down the chain, energy is made available to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
- ATP synthase is vital for this final step
