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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 4-5A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 4-5A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle tissue in the body

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

What does the cardiac muscle do?

A

Pumps blood though out the body.

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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Moves fluid and food matter

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

40% to 50% of body weight- attached to skeleton and responsible for skeletal movement and stabilization of body movement.

-movement, generate heat

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5
Q

What are muscle fibers?

A

Aka muscle cell

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6
Q

Fascicles are

A

Bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by additional connective tissue.

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7
Q

The perimysium

A

Attaches adjacent fascicles together in addition to carrying blood vessels and nerves to the muscle fibers.

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8
Q

An whole muscle surrounded by connective tissue is called?

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

What is the functional unit of a muscle?

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Bella’s palsy or facial droop without nerve damage. Massage is?

A

Indicated

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11
Q

The pathology commonly manifests between the ages of 20-40 and is degeneration of the myelin sheath.

A

MS

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12
Q

When it is difficult for muscle to contract even when stimulated by a nerve, it is called?

A

Muscle fatigue

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13
Q

The_ carries nerve impulses away from the cell body of a neuron.

A

Axon

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14
Q

These reflexes protect muscles from being over stretched and torn?

A

Stretch reflex

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15
Q

Tricep means

A

Three headed

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16
Q

This compound is an end product of anaerobic respiration and many lead to muscle soreness.

A

Lactic acid

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17
Q

Part of the brain that contains respiratory and cardiac centers?

A

Medulla oblangata

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18
Q

_ are specialized proprioceptors within the belly of a muscle that detects change in the length of the muscles.

A

Muscle spindles

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19
Q

The nerves that carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system. Are known as?

A

Sensory nerves

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20
Q

A neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called?

A

Motor unit

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21
Q

This type of contraction causes muscle to shorten and produce force.

A

Concentric

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22
Q

Classically the brain and spinal cord together are known as?

A

Central nervous system

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23
Q

Cerebral Palsy is due to injury to the brain when?

A

Birth/ infancy

24
Q

In which autoimmune disease does the immune system attack the neuromuscular junction?

A

Myasthenia gravis

25
Q

Bundles of muscles are called?

A

Fascicles

26
Q

The fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

27
Q

Stroke is also known as

A

Cerebrovascular accident

28
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to compression of the _ nerve

A

Median

29
Q

These complex proprioceptors detect change in the muscle length

A

Muscle spindles

30
Q

A myoma is

A

Tumor of muscle

31
Q

The point of contact between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called

A

Neuromuscular junction

32
Q

This pathology of the nervous system is caused by degeneration of the myelin sheath, and is a progressive disease.

A

Ms

33
Q

Contractions where no change in length of the muscle but an increase in tension is called.

A

Isometric

34
Q

Massage is _ for meningitis

A

Contraindicated

35
Q

This type of pain can move along the same dermatone as the original site of pain.

A

Referred

36
Q

Lack of muscle usage can lead to _ which is a decrease in muscle cell size

A

Atrophy

37
Q

Nociceptors sense

A

Pain

38
Q

The proprioceptors that monitor muscle tension are the ?

A

Golgi tendon organs

39
Q

Massage is _ for clients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( Lou Gehrig )

A

Indicated with doctor

40
Q

A persistent involuntary contraction of a muscle that cannot be released voluntarily is called

A

Spasm

41
Q

What do muscle spindles measure

A

Stretch

42
Q

Massage is _ for carpal tunnel

A

Indicated

43
Q

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins are all examples of

A

Neurotransmitters

44
Q

Sliding filament mechanism best describes the physiology of muscle_

A

Contraction

45
Q

Which term is used to describe a sustained contraction of a muscle?

A

Twitch

46
Q

When providing massage to a client with muscular dystrophy massage is

A

Indicated with dr

47
Q

There are _ many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

48
Q

A crossbridge is formed when

A

Myoslin heads attach to actin binding sites

49
Q

This type of pain is distant from the area of injury

A

Referred

50
Q

The main muscle that produces an action is called the

A

Agonist

51
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by the impingement of .

A

Brachial plexus

52
Q

A muscle that supports the action of other muscles is described as a

A

Synergist

53
Q

The neurons of the autonomic nervous system that innervates various organ systems such as digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular are known as

A

Somatic motor nerves

54
Q

The first step in the activation of the neuromuscular junction is

A

Nerve impulse

55
Q

Connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

56
Q

Group of genetic disorders leads to progressive deterioration of muscles

A

Muscular dystrophy

57
Q

Resting tension in a muscle is called

A

Muscle tone

Anatomy & Physiology I (4 decks)

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