Chapter 4-5A&P Flashcards
Three types of muscle tissue in the body
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What does the cardiac muscle do?
Pumps blood though out the body.
Smooth muscle
Moves fluid and food matter
Skeletal muscle
40% to 50% of body weight- attached to skeleton and responsible for skeletal movement and stabilization of body movement.
-movement, generate heat
What are muscle fibers?
Aka muscle cell
Fascicles are
Bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by additional connective tissue.
The perimysium
Attaches adjacent fascicles together in addition to carrying blood vessels and nerves to the muscle fibers.
An whole muscle surrounded by connective tissue is called?
Epimysium
What is the functional unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere
Bella’s palsy or facial droop without nerve damage. Massage is?
Indicated
The pathology commonly manifests between the ages of 20-40 and is degeneration of the myelin sheath.
MS
When it is difficult for muscle to contract even when stimulated by a nerve, it is called?
Muscle fatigue
The_ carries nerve impulses away from the cell body of a neuron.
Axon
These reflexes protect muscles from being over stretched and torn?
Stretch reflex
Tricep means
Three headed
This compound is an end product of anaerobic respiration and many lead to muscle soreness.
Lactic acid
Part of the brain that contains respiratory and cardiac centers?
Medulla oblangata
_ are specialized proprioceptors within the belly of a muscle that detects change in the length of the muscles.
Muscle spindles
The nerves that carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system. Are known as?
Sensory nerves
A neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called?
Motor unit
This type of contraction causes muscle to shorten and produce force.
Concentric
Classically the brain and spinal cord together are known as?
Central nervous system
Cerebral Palsy is due to injury to the brain when?
Birth/ infancy
In which autoimmune disease does the immune system attack the neuromuscular junction?
Myasthenia gravis
Bundles of muscles are called?
Fascicles
The fight or flight response
Sympathetic
Stroke is also known as
Cerebrovascular accident
Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to compression of the _ nerve
Median
These complex proprioceptors detect change in the muscle length
Muscle spindles
A myoma is
Tumor of muscle
The point of contact between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called
Neuromuscular junction
This pathology of the nervous system is caused by degeneration of the myelin sheath, and is a progressive disease.
Ms
Contractions where no change in length of the muscle but an increase in tension is called.
Isometric
Massage is _ for meningitis
Contraindicated
This type of pain can move along the same dermatone as the original site of pain.
Referred
Lack of muscle usage can lead to _ which is a decrease in muscle cell size
Atrophy
Nociceptors sense
Pain
The proprioceptors that monitor muscle tension are the ?
Golgi tendon organs
Massage is _ for clients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( Lou Gehrig )
Indicated with doctor
A persistent involuntary contraction of a muscle that cannot be released voluntarily is called
Spasm
What do muscle spindles measure
Stretch
Massage is _ for carpal tunnel
Indicated
Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins are all examples of
Neurotransmitters
Sliding filament mechanism best describes the physiology of muscle_
Contraction
Which term is used to describe a sustained contraction of a muscle?
Twitch
When providing massage to a client with muscular dystrophy massage is
Indicated with dr
There are _ many pairs of spinal nerves
31
A crossbridge is formed when
Myoslin heads attach to actin binding sites
This type of pain is distant from the area of injury
Referred
The main muscle that produces an action is called the
Agonist
Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by the impingement of .
Brachial plexus
A muscle that supports the action of other muscles is described as a
Synergist
The neurons of the autonomic nervous system that innervates various organ systems such as digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular are known as
Somatic motor nerves
The first step in the activation of the neuromuscular junction is
Nerve impulse
Connects muscle to bone
Tendon
Group of genetic disorders leads to progressive deterioration of muscles
Muscular dystrophy
Resting tension in a muscle is called
Muscle tone
