Chapter 4

Question 1

North Atlantic treaty organization(NATO)

Answer 1

Western alliance in the Cold War

Question 2

Warsaw Pact

Answer 2

Communist alliance in Cold War

Question 3

Cold War

Answer 3

The global putatively bloodless conflict between the US and the Soviet Union that resulted in massive arms build ups international conflicts and proxy wars

Question 4

Containment

Answer 4

The policy of the US during the Cold War that checked aggressive soviet actions through military alliances

Question 5

Iron curtain

Answer 5

A metaphor for the political ideological and physical (no mans land) separation of the SU and western countries during the Cold War

Question 6

Arms race

Answer 6

The competitive buildup of weapons systems

Question 7

Potsdam conference

Answer 7

The meeting among wartime allies in July 1945 that produced no agreement on the unification of Germany and other issues

Question 8

Marshall plan

Answer 8

The western plan to rebuild Germany and the rest of Europe after WWII

Question 9

Berlin blockade

Answer 9

The first physical confrontation of the Cold War taking place in 1948-49 in which Stalin blocked the land routes in Berlin

Question 10

Revisionist interpretation

Answer 10

An interpretation of the origins of the Cold War that emphasizes American ideological or economic aggression against the SU and its allies

Question 11

Spheres of influence

Answer 11

Areas of contested territory divided up and dominated by great powers which agree not to interfere in one another’s areas

Question 12

Yalta conference

Answer 12

A wartime conference held in February 1945 where the US Soviet Union and GB agrees on the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and postwar occupation of Europe including a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe

Question 13

Balance of terror

Answer 13

A situation in which two or more countries use the threat of nuclear weapons to deter conflicts

Question 14

Proxy wars

Answer 14

Conflicts in peripheral areas in which nuclear powers tested each other’s military capabilities and resolve

Question 15

Korean War

Answer 15

A proxy war on the Korean Peninsula in the early 1950’s between Soviet-backed North Korean and Chinese forces and a UN force led by the US

Question 16

Min deterrence

Answer 16

A strategy of deterrence that relies on a few nuclear weapons to retaliate and inflict unacceptable damage on the adversary

Question 17

Max deterrence

Answer 17

A strategy that relies on many nuclear weapons to deter both conventional and limited attacks

Question 18

Extended deterrence

Answer 18

A strategy of deterrence in which one country uses nuclear weapons to deer an attack on the territory of an allied country

Question 19

Nuclear triad

Answer 19

The combination of nuclear land sea and air based retaliatory weapons

Question 20

Massive retaliation

Answer 20

The strategy of threatening to unleash a general nuclear war

Question 21

Mutual assured destruction

MAD

Answer 21

The nuclear deterrence strategy that called for the dominance of offensive or defensive weapons

Question 22

Strategic arms limitation talks

SALT

Answer 22

Us -soviets talks held in the 1970s to limit offensive weapon systems

Question 23

Anti ballistic missile (ABM) treaty

Answer 23

A 1972 treaty between the US and SU limiting anti ballistic missiles

Question 24

National wars of liberation

Answer 24

Soviet term for proxy wars agains western colonialism in developing countries

Question 25

Freedom fighters

Answer 25

US term for local forces resisting communist revolution in developing countries

Question 26

Decolonization

Answer 26

The Un led process by which former colonies in the third world gained their independence

Question 27

Domino theory

Answer 27

A theory held by the superpowers that if one country in a developing region went over to the other side other countries in the region would follow, falling like dominos

Question 28

Nonaligned movement

Answer 28

A coalition led by India Yugoslavia and Egypt that stressed neutrality in the Cold War

Question 29

Afghan war

Answer 29

Costly war fought by both the SU in the 1980s and the Us in the 2000s

Question 30

Vietnam war

Answer 30

Costly war fought by the Us in the SE Asia to contain communism

Question 31

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Answer 31

The space based antimissile systems that formed the core of Reagan program to enhance the US missile defense

Question 32

Strategic arms reduction talks (START)

Answer 32

US -Soviet talks held in the 1990s to reduce offensive weapons systems

Question 33

Mutual assured protection (MAP)

Answer 33

Nuclear strategy proposed by Reagan to build up defensive systems and reduce offensive weapons

Question 34

Truman doctrine

Answer 34

US policy that defined the Cold War in ideological terms

Question 35

Rollback

Answer 35

John foster dulless policy in the 1950’s of liberating the Eastern European countries from moscows control

Question 36

New thinking

Answer 36

Gorbachevs ideas of domestic reform known as glasnost and perestroika

Question 37

Peace research studies

Answer 37

Scholarly inquiry dedicated to the study of the potential for international peace emphasizing collective and common humanity approaches rather than balance of power

Question 38

Baruch plan

Answer 38

Proposal by the US in 1946 to create a UN agency to control and manage nuclear weapons cooperatively

Question 39

Détente

Answer 39

A phase of the Cold War beginning in the 1960s when the west initiated diplomatic overtures to Moscow

Question 40

Helsinki accords

Answer 40

A series of agreements between east and west in 1975 concerning arms control trade and human rights