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SHHS - Computing - GCSE Computing A451 OCR > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bit?

A

A single binary digit: 1 or 0

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2
Q

How many bits in a byte?

A

8 bits

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3
Q

How many bits in a nibble?

A

4 bits

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4
Q

How many bytes in a kilobyte?

A

1024 bytes

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5
Q

How many kilobytes in a megabyte?

A

1024 kilobytes

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6
Q

How many megabytes in a gigabyte?

A

1024 megabytes

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7
Q

How many gigabytes in a Terabyte?

A

1024 gigabytes

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8
Q

Binary

A

Base 2 number system, used by computers, uses the digits 0 and 1 only.

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9
Q

Denary/Decimal

A

Base 10 number system, how we normally count, uses digits 0 to 9.

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10
Q

Hexadecimal

A

Base 16 number system used by humans to represent groups of four bits at a time. Uses digits 0 to F.

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11
Q

Overflow

A

When the result of a numeric calculation is too large to be stored in the space reserved for that type of data.

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12
Q

Character set

A

The set of symbols that can be represented by a computer. The symbols are called characters and can be letters, digits, space, punctuation marks and some control characters such as “Escape”. Each character is represented by a numerical code that is stored as a binary integer.

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13
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange: a 7-bit character set used by PCs. (There is also an extended ASCII character set that uses 8 bits.)

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14
Q

EBCDIC

A

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code: an 8-bit character set used by older mainframes.

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15
Q

Unicode

A

A 16-or 32-bit character set that allows many more characters to be coded.

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16
Q

Bitmap Image

A

An image that has been stored as a series of values per pixel. The colour of each individual pixel is stored in a file.

17
Q

Vector Graphic

A

An image file that is made up of lines and shapes that have certain properties,for example, a line may have the following properties: start-point, end-point, line colour, line thickness, line style. The properties of each shape are stored in a file to make up the image.

18
Q

Pixel

A

Short for picture element. It is the smallest component of a bitmapped image.

19
Q

Colour Depth

A

The number of bits used to represent the colour of a single pixel in a bitmappedimage. Higher colour depth gives a broader range of distinct colours. For example,an image stored as a .gif file uses 8 bits per pixel so the image could use 256different colours.

20
Q

Resolution

A

The number of pixels in an image expressed as:the-number-of-pixels-across x the-number-of-pixels-down e.g. 400 x 600. Effectively this describes the pixel density.

21
Q

Metadata

A

Data about data. In the case of image files metadata is the data the computer needs to interpret the image data in the file, for example: resolution, colour depth and image dimensions.

22
Q

Analogue

A

A continuously changing wave such as natural sound.

23
Q

Digital

A

Data that is made up of separate values. How data is stored on a computer.

24
Q

Sample Rate

A

The number of times per second that the sound wave is measured. The higher the rate the more accurately the sound wave is represented.

25
Q

Sample Interval

A

The time gap between measurements of the sound wave being taken. Anotherway of expressing the sampling rate.

26
Q

Sample Resolution

A

The number of bits used to store the value of each sample. The greater the number of bits the more accurately the value is stored.

27
Q

ADC

A

Analogue to Digital converter: takes real-world analogue data and converts it to a binary representation that can be stored on a computer.

28
Q

Instruction Set

A

The group of instructions available for a specific processor to use. The number of instructions available will depend on the number of bits used. For example, with 4bits there could potentially be 16 different instructions.

29
Q

Opcode

A

The group of bits in a machine code (binary) instruction that represents the operation (instruction) such as ADD, STORE or BRANCH.

30
Q

Operand

A

A data value or an address that is part of a machine code instruction.

31
Q

Compiler

A

Systems software that converts a program written in a high level programminglanguage into machine code (binary).

32
Q

Machine Code

A

Program instructions that have been converted into a form that the computer can execute. A machine code instruction typically has an opcode and an operand in binary.

33
Q

High Level Programming Language

A

A programming language written in constructs using language we can understand.Languages include Delphi, Visual Basic, Java and C++.

SHHS - Computing - GCSE Computing A451 OCR (8 decks)

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