chapter 4 Flashcards
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
covers surface of ovary; lines inner surface of cornea and lens of eye, kidney tubules and smaller ducts of many glands
c. Function; secretion and absorption
- Simple columnar epithelium (non-ciliated)
b. Location; lines stomach, small and large intestines, digestive glands and gall bladder.
c. Function; secretion and absorption
- Simple columnar epithelium (ciliated)
b. Location; lines a few portions of upper respiratory tract and the uterine (fallopian) tubes.
c. Function - Moves mucus by ciliary action.
- Stratified Squamous epithelium
b. Location; non-keratinizing variety lines wet surfaces such as mouth, esophagus, part of epiglottis, and vagina Keratinizing variety forms outer layer of skin (epidermis)
c. Function – protection
keratin
water proofs skin
- Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
b. Location; ducts of adult sweat glands
c. Function – Protection/excretion
- Stratified columnar epithelium
b. Location – lines part of male urethra and some larger excretory ducts,
c. Function; protection and secretion
- Stratified Transitional Epithelium
b. Location; Lines urinary bladder
c. Function; permits distention
- Pseudostratified epithelium
b. Location; Lines larger excretory ducts of many large glands and male urethra; ciliated variety with goblet cells lines most of the upper respiratory tract and some ducts of male reproductive system
c. Function; secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action.
D. Glandular Epithelium
liver and pancreas does both
Exocrine
product into duct
Endocrine
secretes hormone into blood
intercellular substance contains (a matrix )
a. fluid
b. semisolid
c. mucoid (mucus like)
general functions of connective tissue
connection, support, binding
loose conective tissue has what thee fibers
Collagenous, elastic, reticular
D. Dense connective tissue
has all three fibers but collagen predominates
- Embryo
first 8 wks
fetus
8 wks and up
- mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue
areolar
binds skin to muscle layer benith
F. Adult Connective Tisssue function
c. Function; strength, elasticity, support, phagocytosis, produces antibodies, and an anticoagulant
a. Description; contains fibroblasts specialized for fat storage, cells have a “signet-ring” shape
b. Location; subcutaneous layer of skin, around heart and kidneys, marrow of long bones, padding around joints
c. Function; reduces heat loss through skin, serves as a food reserve, supports and protects.
- Adipose- lipid
- Dense Connective tissue
a. Description; Collagenous, or white fibers predominate and are arranged in bundles; fibroblasts are in rows between bundles
tendons
muscle to muscle and muscle to bone
ligaments
bone to bone
aponeuroses
connect muscle to bone or muscle to muscle
- Elastic Connective Tissue
b. Location; lung tissue, cartilage of larynx, walls of arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, true vocal cords and ligamenta flava of vertebrae.
- Reticular Connective Tissue
b. Location; liver, spleen and lymph nodes
c. Function; forms stroma or framework of organs; binds together smooth muscle tissue cells.
- Hyaline cartilage
a. Description; also called gristle, appears as a bluish white, glossy mass; contains numerous chondrocytes; is the most abundant type of cartilage
b. Location; ends of long bones, ends of ribs, nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, and embryonic skeleton.
c. Function; provides movement at joints, flexibility and support
- Fibrocartilage
a. Description; consists of chondrocytes scattered among bundles of collagenous fibers
b. Location; symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs.
c. Function; support and fusion
name the three types of cartilage
haline cart, fibrocartilage, and Elastic cartilage
- Elastic Cartialage
a. Description; consists of chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibers
b. B. Location; epiglottis, parts of larynx, external ear, and Eustachian (auditory) tubes
Erythrocytes
rbc
leucocytes
wbc
what makes up 45% of blood
erythrocytes, leucocytes, platlets
what makes up the remander of blood
plasma 55% and of that 90% is water
muscles work by
contraction, shortening
A. Skeletal muscle
muscle attache dto bone
visceral muscle
found in intestine
cardiac muscle
heart
a nerve is composed of what
axon/ myelin sheath, and dendrites
A. Mucous membrane
opens to exterior , mouth and Vagina
inner membrane that lines muscle
B. Serous Membrane
portion kines intestine
periatal
mesothelium 2 types
periatal and visceral
- Inflammation Symptoms
a. redness
b. pain
c. heat
d. swelling- edima
e. loss of function
an attempt to restore tissue homeostasis
inflamatory responce
- Various components involved in restoring homeostasis
a. blood vessels
b. intercellular fluid mixed with parts of injured cells(exudate)
c. acellular components of blood
d. surrounding epithelial and connective tissue
e. individual’s age
f. general state of health
g. nutritional importance
E. Stages of Inflammatory Response
- Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
- Phagocyte migration
release nutrient
fibrin formation
pus formation
A. Conditions affecting Repair
nutrition
blood cerculation
age
a. Vitamin A
essential in replacement of epithelial cells (prevents night blindness)
b. B Vitimans
- decomposing of glucose to CO2 and H2O; may relieve pain; many enzymatic systems need
c. Vitamin C
required for cementing elements of connective tissue; needed for strength of blood vessels; formation of new blood vessels
d. Vitamin D
proper absorption of Calcium from the intestines; Ca needed by bone
e. Vitamin E
promotes healing of injured tissues; may prevent scarring
f. Vitamin K
promotes clotting- ecoli- secrets vitamin K
