Chapter 4

Question 1

i

Answer 1

key

High, front, tense, unrounded

Question 2

ɪ

Answer 2

win

High, front, lax, unfounded

Question 3

e

Answer 3

great (ea)

High-mid, front, unrounded, tense

Question 4

ɛ

Answer 4

red (e)

High-mid, front, tense, lax

Question 5

æ

Answer 5

had (a)

Low, front, lax, unrounded

Question 6

u

Answer 6

moon (oo)

High, back, tense, rounded

Question 7

ʊ

Answer 7

push (u)

High, back, rounded, lax

Question 8

ɔ

Answer 8

Lawn (aw)

Low-mid, back, rounded, tense

Question 9

ɑ

Answer 9

stop (o)

Low, back, unrounded, tense

*script a /ɑ/

Question 10

ə

Answer 10

ketchup (u)

Mid, central, unrounded, lax

*only occurs in UNSTRESSED syllables

Question 11

ʌ

Answer 11

button (u)

Low-mid, back-central, unrounded, lax

*occurs only in STRESSED syllables as opposed to /ə/

Question 12

ɚ

Answer 12

Winner (er)

Mid, central, rounded, lax

*only occurs in UNSTRESSED syllables

Question 13

ɝ

Answer 13

Word (or)

Mid, central, rounded, tense

*only occurs in STRESSED syllables

Question 14

aɪ

Answer 14

buy (uy)

Question 15

ɔɪ

Answer 15

toy (uy)

Question 16

aʊ

Answer 16

flower (ow)

Question 17

p

Answer 17

pan

Voiceless, bilabial stop

Question 18

b

Answer 18

back

Voiced , bilabial stop

Question 19

t

Answer 19

taste

Voiceless, alveolar stop

Question 20

d

Answer 20

door

Voiced, alveolar stop

Question 21

ʔ

Answer 21

Button

Produced when the release of the stop is at the level of the vocal folds instead of at the alveolar ridge

Question 22

ɾ

Answer 22

Better

Allophone used to represent the combination of /t/ and /d/

*usually occurs in words with an intervocalic t or d digraph in which the first syllable relieves stress

Question 23

k

Answer 23

Cotton

Voiceless, velar stop

*cuh

Question 24

g

Answer 24

gold

Voiced, velar stop

Question 25

m

Answer 25

man

Voiced, bilabial nasal

Question 26

n

Answer 26

never

Voiced, alveolar nasal

Question 27

ŋ

Answer 27

ring (ng)

Voiced, velar nasal

Question 28

f

Answer 28

form

voicelessC labiodental fricative

Question 29

v

Answer 29

vase

Voiced, labiodental fricative

Question 30

θ

Answer 30

thermal

Voiceless, interdental fricative

Question 31

ð

Answer 31

bath

Voiced, interdental fricative

Question 32

s

Answer 32

sew

Voiceless, alveolar fricative

Question 33

z

Answer 33

zip

Voiced, alveolar fricative

Question 34

ʃ

Answer 34

Shock (sh)

Voiceless, palatal fricative

Question 35

ʒ

Answer 35

garage (ge)

Voiced, palatal fricative

Question 36

h

Answer 36

happy

Voiceless, glottal fricative

Question 37

tʃ

Answer 37

chair (ch)

Voiceless, palatal activate

Question 38

dʒ

Answer 38

juke (j)

Voiced, palatal affricate

Question 39

j

Answer 39

Yell (y)

Voiced, palatal glide

Question 40

w

Answer 40

war

Voiced, labiovelar glide

Question 41

r

Answer 41

red

Voiced, palatal liquid

Question 42

l

Answer 42

Lawn

Voiced, alveolar liquid

*lateral consonant

Question 45

Unrounded vowels

Answer 45

/i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, ɑ, ə, ʌ/

Question 46

Rounded vowels

Answer 46

/u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɚ, ɝ/

Question 47

Tense vowels

Answer 47

/a, e, i, o, u, ɔ, ɝ/

Question 48

Nasal consonants

Answer 48

/m, n, ŋ/

Question 49

Fricative consonants

Answer 49

/f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h/

Question 50

Affricate consonants

Answer 50

/tʃ,dʒ/

Question 51

Approximate consonants: glides

Answer 51

/j, w/

Question 52

Approximate consonants: liquids

Answer 52

/r, l/

Question 53

Lax vowels

Answer 53

/ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʊ, ə, ʌ, ɚ/

Question 54

Stop consonants

Answer 54

/p, b, t, d, k, g, ɾ, ʔ/