Chapter 4 Flashcards
Name the five Local Anesthetics in North America
Articane Bupivacaine Lidocaine Mepivicaine Prilocaine
Name the Trade Names for Articane
Septocaine, Articadent, Orabloc, Zorcaine
Name the Trade Names for Bupivacaine
Marcaine
Vivacaine
Trade Names for Lidocaine
Xylocaine
Octocaine
Lignospan
Trade names for mepivicaine
Carbocaine,
isocaine,
polocaine,
scandensest
Trade names for Prilocaine
citanest
ASA III what do you not use?
racemic epi gingival retraction cord
Name some absolute contraindications
Allergies to amide local anesthetics, or a bisulfite allergy ( if they have a bisulfite allergy, use a LA without a vasoconstrictor such as mepivicaine 3%.)
Which lasts longer, nerve block or infiltration
nerve block
Less volume will decrease duration, more volume will?
not necessarily increase duration
How much solution is in: ( CONCENTRATION) 2% Lidocaine 3% Mepivicaine 4% Prilocaine .5% Bupivicaine 4% Articaine
Lido- 20mg/ml Mepivicaine- 30mg/ml Prilocaine - 40mg/ml Bupivicaine - 5 mg/ml Articaine - 40 mg/ml
Determine concentration of LA agent in a 2% solution of LIDO.
20mg/ml
if i would have asked for miligrams, you would have to times 20mg/ml by 1.8 for your answer
two cartridges of 2% lido with 1:100,000 epi are administered to your patient, what quantity of lido was given?
72mg of LA for 2 carps
two cartridges of 3% mepivicaine plain are administered to your patient what quantity of mepivicaine was given?
108mg
Calculate the MRD in milligrams for a 120lb healthy adult for 3% mepivicaine
Then calculate the MRD In cartridges for a 120lb healthy adult
360mg
6.6
MRD should always be decreased in what type of patients?
debilitated, elderly, medically compromised
what is the only recommended use of 2% lidocaine with 1:50,000 concentration?
hemostasis
epinepherine sensitive patients should be limited to how many cartridges of 1:100,000 epi per appointment?
2
Prilocaine does what to the blood oxygen carrying capacity? meaning what?
reduces it. dont use on patients with lung problems
What are the unsubstantiated claims against articaine?
paresthesia associated with it.
what LA lessens a patients need for post op opiod analgesics?
bupivicaine
Is the concentration in a topical greater or lesser than injection LA?
greater ( must be higher to diffuse through mucous membrane) ( increases toxicity)
What is an EMLA
Eutectic mixture of local anesthetic
Lidocaine and prilocaine 2.5% of each
Topical anesthetic for intact skin
Can be used for procedures that don’t involve deep tissues and are short
Hyper responders
Anesthetic lasts longer 70-80 mins
Hypo responders
Metabolize drug rapid and anesthetic doesn’t last long