Chapter 4 Flashcards
Perfusion
the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues
hypoperfusion
inadequate tissue perfusion
shock
systematic hypoperfusion; inadequate delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues
cardiac output
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute
stroke volume
the amount od blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat
Frank-Starling mechanism
attribute of heart muscle by which the more it is stretched the more strongly it will contract
preload
the volume of blood delivered to the heart
afterload
the resistance against which the heart must pump
vital organs
heart, brain, lungs, kidneys
because there are more veins than arteries in the body
veins and venules serve as blood reservoir when needed
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
hypovolemia
loss of body fluid that ultimately results in (hypovolemic) shock
hemorrhagic shock
shock resulting from blood loss; a subcategory of hypovolemic shock
alpha receptors
vasocontstriction, skin cool, stimulation of sweat, glands, clammy skin
beta receptors
bronchodilation, stimulation of cardiac function
decreased oxygen and glucose contribute to
decreased metabolism
decreased metabolism
lowers body temperature
compensated shock
the period of shock during which the body is able to compensate for the effects of shock and maintain adequate tissue perfusion
progressive shock
mental status change, cool, cold, clammy skin ,widespread sweating, tochycardia, rapid, shallow respirations, falling blood pressure
progressive shock
the period of shock during which the body begins to lose it’s ability to compensate for shock (“decompensates”) and becomes unable to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. Progressive shock is also known as decompensated shock
irreversible shock
an advanced condition of shock in which cell, tissue, and organ damage cannot be reversed and will, in most circumstances, result in death
hypovelemic shock
shock resulting from fluid loss: blood, plasma, or body water
skin vitals
skin color, temperature, and moisture
obstructive shock
shock resulting from a mechanical obstruction of the circulatory system, such as tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or pulmonary emboli
tension pneumothorax
air or gas trapped in the pleural space with no route escape
pleuritic chest pain
sharp, stabbing pain, worsened by coughing, sneezing, deep breathing, or movement
cardiac tamponade
accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardium (the sac that encloses the heart)
paradoxical pulse
suppression of the pulse at the close of inspiration; also called pulsus paradoxus
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
anterior site
between 2nd and 3rd rib
midaxillary
between 4th and 5th rib up and over the rib
pulmonary emboli
obstructions of pulmonary arteries, usually blood clots
clot shower
occurrence of multiple blood clots
