Chapter 4

Question 1

Perfusion

Answer 1

the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues

Question 2

hypoperfusion

Answer 2

inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 3

shock

Answer 3

systematic hypoperfusion; inadequate delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues

Question 4

cardiac output

Answer 4

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute

Question 5

stroke volume

Answer 5

the amount od blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 6

Frank-Starling mechanism

Answer 6

attribute of heart muscle by which the more it is stretched the more strongly it will contract

Question 7

preload

Answer 7

the volume of blood delivered to the heart

Question 8

afterload

Answer 8

the resistance against which the heart must pump

Question 9

vital organs

Answer 9

heart, brain, lungs, kidneys

Question 10

because there are more veins than arteries in the body

Answer 10

veins and venules serve as blood reservoir when needed

Question 11

acidosis

Answer 11

excessive acidity of body fluids

Question 12

hypovolemia

Answer 12

loss of body fluid that ultimately results in (hypovolemic) shock

Question 13

hemorrhagic shock

Answer 13

shock resulting from blood loss; a subcategory of hypovolemic shock

Question 14

alpha receptors

Answer 14

vasocontstriction, skin cool, stimulation of sweat, glands, clammy skin

Question 15

beta receptors

Answer 15

bronchodilation, stimulation of cardiac function

Question 16

decreased oxygen and glucose contribute to

Answer 16

decreased metabolism

Question 17

decreased metabolism

Answer 17

lowers body temperature

Question 18

compensated shock

Answer 18

the period of shock during which the body is able to compensate for the effects of shock and maintain adequate tissue perfusion

Question 19

progressive shock

Answer 19

mental status change, cool, cold, clammy skin ,widespread sweating, tochycardia, rapid, shallow respirations, falling blood pressure

Question 20

progressive shock

Answer 20

the period of shock during which the body begins to lose it’s ability to compensate for shock (“decompensates”) and becomes unable to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. Progressive shock is also known as decompensated shock

Question 21

irreversible shock

Answer 21

an advanced condition of shock in which cell, tissue, and organ damage cannot be reversed and will, in most circumstances, result in death

Question 22

hypovelemic shock

Answer 22

shock resulting from fluid loss: blood, plasma, or body water

Question 23

skin vitals

Answer 23

skin color, temperature, and moisture

Question 24

obstructive shock

Answer 24

shock resulting from a mechanical obstruction of the circulatory system, such as tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or pulmonary emboli

Question 25

tension pneumothorax

Answer 25

air or gas trapped in the pleural space with no route escape

Question 26

pleuritic chest pain

Answer 26

sharp, stabbing pain, worsened by coughing, sneezing, deep breathing, or movement

Question 27

cardiac tamponade

Answer 27

accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardium (the sac that encloses the heart)

Question 28

paradoxical pulse

Answer 28

suppression of the pulse at the close of inspiration; also called pulsus paradoxus

Question 29

pulse pressure

Answer 29

the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Question 30

anterior site

Answer 30

between 2nd and 3rd rib

Question 31

midaxillary

Answer 31

between 4th and 5th rib up and over the rib

Question 32

pulmonary emboli

Answer 32

obstructions of pulmonary arteries, usually blood clots

Question 33

clot shower

Answer 33

occurrence of multiple blood clots