Chapter 4,5 exam

Question 1

Due process

Answer 1

The principle that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures and safeguards

Question 2

Republican government

Answer 2

A representative political system in which authority comes from people and is exercised by elected officials

Question 3

Checks and balances

Answer 3

A system in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other branches

Question 4

Federalism

Answer 4

A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller regional governments

Question 5

Independent judiciary

Answer 5

A system of judges and courts that is separate from other branches of government. Such a judiciary is not controlled by politicians and can exercise independent judgement

Question 6

Strict construction

Answer 6

A literal approach to interpreting the Constitution, using the exact words of the document

Question 7

Loose construction

Answer 7

A flexible approach to interpreting the Constitution, taking into account current conditions in society.

Question 8

Judicial review

Answer 8

The power of the courts to declare laws and executive acts unconstitutional. The Supreme Court is the ultimate judge of whether a government action conforms to the Constitution

Question 9

Civil liberties

Answer 9

Basic freedoms that are guaranteed under the Constitution, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion. These rights are protections from governmental intrusion or abuse.

Question 10

Civil rights

Answer 10

Guarantees of equal rights and equal treatment under the law. Unlike civil liberties, civil rights are not protections from government abuse, but rights that government must provide to its citizens, such as trial by jury and voting rights.

Question 11

Incorporation

Answer 11

The process by which the Supreme Court applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 12

Libel

Answer 12

Publishing false information about someone with intent to cause harm

Question 13

Slander

Answer 13

Orally spreading false information about someone with intent to cause harm

Question 14

Prior restraint

Answer 14

An attempt by government to prevent the publication or broadcast of material considered harmful

Question 15

Self-incrimination

Answer 15

Statements, usually made under oath, suggesting that the person speaking is guilty of a crime

Question 16

Double jeopardy

Answer 16

The prosecution of a person a second time for crime for which the defendant has already been tried once and found not guilty. Double jeopardy is prohibited under the Fifth Amendment