Chapter 4 + 5 Flashcards
Biodiversity
Variety in the earth’s species
Species
Set of individuals who can mate and produce fertile offspring
Species diversity
number and abundance of species
Genetic Diversity
variety of genes in a population
Ecological Diversity
Variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in an area
Functional Diversity
Biological and chemical process such as energy flow and matter recycling needed for the survival of species communities and ecosystems
Age of the planent
about 4.5 billion years
First billion was?
Chemical evolution
Life showed up when?
3.5 billion years ago?
Generalist Species
broad niche/wide range of tolerance
Specialist Species
narrow niche, small range of tolerance
Native/Indigenous
normally lives in an ecosystem
Nonnative/ invasive species
does not normally live in an ecosystem
Indicator species
gives an early indication/warning of danger to an ecosystem
Keystone species
has a large effect on the types and abundance of other species
Natural selection = ?
genetic resistance
how many mass extinctions has Earth experienced so far?
five
Populations evolve through?
Mutations
Biodiversity is being ruined by ?
hoomans
Each species has a specific…
role
(r) selected species characteristics
- growth w/o much environmental resistance
- small
- lots of offspring
- no parental care
- mature quickly
- opportunistic
(K) selected species characteristics
- large
- parental care
- few offspring
- mature slowly (years opposed to days/weeks)
- Stable
Population Density
thing/area
dense=disease spreads quicker
Clumped dispersion
- most common
- mostly found in animal
- they are where resources are
Uniform and Random dispersion
mostly found in plants
Mutualism (+,+)
both benifit
Comensalism (+, 0)
one benefits, the other is not bothered
Parasitism (+, 1/2 -)
one benefits, one is harmed but not killed
Preditation (+,-)
one benefits, one is killed
Competition (-,-)
both are not benefited
Resource partitioning
evolving to gain resources around other species
Co evolution
two species evolving in spite of eachother
primary succession
starts with nothing
secondary succession
mostly gone (like a forest fire destroying most of a forest)
