Chapter 4&5

Question 1

What are the three levels of a lake?

Answer 1

The epilimnion, the thermocline, and the hypolimnion

Question 2

What are the four levels of soil?

Answer 2

The litter, the topsoil, the subsoil and the bedrock.

Question 3

Why does the muskeg not have rich soil?

Answer 3

The muskegs ground consists of a thick layer of permafrost which makes is difficult to become rich in nutrients.

Question 4

What defines the littoral zone?

Answer 4

The area from the shore of a lake or pond to where no more plants grow on the lakes bottom.

Question 5

True or false, the profundal zone has the most biodiversity.

Answer 5

False, the profundal zone contains organisms that do not need a lot of oxygen and sunlight which means plants would not be able to survive here.

Question 6

What adaptations do conifers have that enables them to live in the taiga?

Answer 6

The shape of a conifer allows the snowfall to fall off the trees easily, also they have needles with cuticle wax to protect them from water and temperature.

Question 7

What biome has the greatest biomass?

Answer 7

The deciduous forest

Question 8

Which season does the oxygen in the epilimnion layer of a lake drop?

Answer 8

Summer.

Question 9

Why is introducing a new species to a new ecosystem a primary cause of species depletion and extinction?

Answer 9

This is because the new species do not have the capability of competing with the original species.

Question 10

What four factors would affect a terrestrial ecosystem?

Answer 10

Soil, available water, temperature and sunlight.

Question 11

What two elements affect algae growth and oxygen decrease in a lake or pond?

Answer 11

Nitrogen and phosphorous.

Question 12

How does a population differ from a community?

Answer 12

A population is a group of the same species, a community is abiotic and biotic factors living in an area.

Question 13

Why do ecotones have a larger biodiversity?

Answer 13

An ecotone has a combination of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, this results in more organisms living in the ecotone.

Question 14

What is an organisms niche?

Answer 14

This is a species role in an ecosystem, it includes their place in the food chain, habitat and breeding area.

Question 15

What is a watershed?

Answer 15

The land that drains toward a lake or other body of water.

Question 16

Why is Latin used in binomial nomenclature?

Answer 16

This is because Latin is a common language used for all scientists.

Question 17

What is the largest level of classification?

Answer 17

A kingdom.

Question 18

What is phylogeny?

Answer 18

The history of the evolution of a species or group of organisms.

Question 19

What is the main action of radio metric dating?

Answer 19

Radio metric dating changes a particular atom in the daughter isotope in the same row different element.

Question 20

What does biogeography suggest mostly?

Answer 20

That at one point all the continents were one landmass but then drifted apart.

Question 21

Name three pieces of evidence that tell us species have shared ancestry.

Answer 21

Fossil record, biochemistry and genetics and geographic distribution of species.

Question 22

What is a homologous feature?

Answer 22

This feature has similar structures but specific functions for that organism.

Question 23

What is artificial selection?

Answer 23

A method used when humans pick individuals from a species to interbreed to born an offspring with the best, most valued characteristics.

Question 24

Which individual reached the same conclusion as Darwin?

Answer 24

Wallace.

Question 25

What are the three kinds of mutations?

Answer 25

Neutral, harmful and beneficial.

Question 26

How does sexual reproduction produce a larger variation of genetics?

Answer 26

Sexual reproduction is when the parents give the offspring the better genes, this allows throughout the years to come for the offspring to become better.

Question 27

What is speciation?

Answer 27

Speciation in the formation of new species.

Question 28

Name one of the two theories about the rate of evolution.

Answer 28

Theory of gradualism; the idea that speciation takes place slowly.

Question 29

What is the difference between the two theories of the rate of evolution?

Answer 29

One theory believes it occurs slowly and the other believes it happens quickly but than comes a long period of time in which no change occurs.

Question 30

What is DNA?

Answer 30

The molecule that makes up genetic material.