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science > Chapter 4,5,6 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 4,5,6 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

atom

A

The smallest “particle” of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element.

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest “particle” of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element.

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4
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The average mass of one atom of an element.

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5
Q

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

A

A unit used to measure the mass of “particles” in atoms. Its size is approximately equal to the mass of a proton.

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6
Q

What is atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

What is boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (it is also pressure dependent).

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8
Q

What is a characteristic property?

A

Properties of matter that can be used to identify substances and do not vary with the amount of the substance.

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9
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

The force that holds two or more atoms together.

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10
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A process in which substances undergo changes that result in new substances whose atoms have been exchanged or rearranged.

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11
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

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12
Q

What is a chemical equation?

A

A concise way to represent the reactants and products in a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.

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13
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A combination of symbols that represents the elements in a molecule or compound and their proportions.

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14
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance.

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15
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A one or two letter representation of an element.

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16
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of the composition and properties of matter and how it changes.

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17
Q

What is a coefficient in a chemical equation?

A

A number in front of a chemical formula that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant are involved in the reaction.

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18
Q

What is combustion?

A

A type of chemical reaction in which a fuel combines with oxygen to produce heat, light, CO2, and H2O.

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19
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made from two or more elements chemically combined.

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20
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between the bonding atoms.

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21
Q

What is decomposition?

A

A type of chemical reaction in which a single complex compound is broken down into two or more products.

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22
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

A molecule composed of only two atoms, often of the same element.

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23
Q

What is a double bond?

A

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.

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24
Q

What is double replacement?

A

A type of chemical reaction in which atoms or ions from two different compounds replace each other.

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25
What is an electron?
A negatively charged “particle” that moves around outside the nucleus of an atom.
26
What is an electron cloud?
The region outside of the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.
27
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
28
What is endothermic?
A process that absorbs energy in the form of heat.
29
What is energy?
The ability to do work or cause change.
30
What is exothermic?
A process that releases energy in the form of heat.
31
What is gas?
A state in which matter has no definite shape or volume.
32
What is a group in the periodic table?
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table.
33
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Any combination of substances that does not have uniform composition and properties.
34
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Any combination of substances that has uniform composition and properties.
35
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged.
36
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond caused by the transfer of electrons from one bonding atom to another.
37
What is an isotope?
A variant of an element that differs only in its number of neutrons.
38
What is the law of conservation of energy?
The principle that the total amount of energy is constant during any physical or chemical change.
39
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The principle that the total amount of matter is constant during any physical or chemical change.
40
What is liquid?
A state in which matter does not hold a definite shape but occupies a definite volume.
41
What is mass number?
The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
42
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and volume.
43
What is melting point?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
44
What is a metal?
A classification of elements with similar properties, usually solid, lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
45
What is a metallic bond?
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it.
46
What is a metalloid?
A classification of elements with some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.
47
What is a mixture?
Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.
48
What is a molecule?
A combination of two or more bonded atoms.
49
What is a neutron?
A “particle” in the nucleus of an atom with no electrical charge.
50
What is a noble gas?
An element in group 18 of the periodic table that is stable due to its full valence shell.
51
What is a nonmetal?
A classification of elements that are usually not good conductors of heat or electricity.
52
What is a nucleus?
Small dense core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.
53
What is a particle?
A tiny piece or fragment of matter.
54
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row of elements.
55
What is the periodic table of elements?
A chart of the elements organized by atomic number.
56
What is a physical change?
A change in a substance that doesn’t change its identity.
57
What is a physical property?
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance.
58
What is a precipitate?
A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.
59
What is a product in a chemical reaction?
A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
60
What is a proton?
A positively charged “particle” in the nucleus of an atom.
61
What is a pure substance?
A substance made out of one kind of material with a unique set of chemical and physical properties.
62
What is a reactant?
A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.
63
What is a saturated solution?
A solution in which the amount of solute has reached maximum capacity.
64
What is a single bond?
A chemical bond formed when atoms share one pair of electrons.
65
What is single replacement?
A type of chemical reaction in which an uncombined element replaces an element that is part of a compound.
66
What is solid?
A state in which matter holds a definite shape and volume.
67
What is solubility?
The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of another substance.
68
What is a solute?
The substance that gets dissolved by a solvent to make a solution.
69
What is a solution?
A mixture that consists of a solvent and solute where the particles of the solute have dissolved and spread evenly throughout the solvent.
70
What is a solvent?
The substance that dissolves the solute to make a solution.
71
What is a state of matter?
One of the forms in which matter exists (solid, liquid, gas, etc.).
72
What is a subscript in a chemical formula?
A number used in a chemical formula indicating how many of those atoms comprise the molecule.
73
What is synthesis?
A type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance.
74
What is a triple bond?
A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons.
75
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical reactions.
76
What is yield in a chemical reaction?
The amount and type of product obtained in a chemical reaction.

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