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book ultrasounds physics > chapter 4-5 > Flashcards

chapter 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

pulse duration

A

actual time from start : pulse to end : that pulse

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2
Q

units : PD

A

time
Microsecond (us)

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3
Q

PD determined by

A

sound source

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4
Q

can PD be adjustable

A

NO

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5
Q

equation for PD

A

= # : cycle in each pulse X period : each cycle

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6
Q

PD / # : cycles in pulse ….. relationship

A

directly proportional

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7
Q

PD / period …. related

A

directly proportional

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8
Q

PD / frequency … related

A

Inversely proportional

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9
Q

2 characteristic that creates pulse : long duration

A

1.many cycles in pulse
2.individual cycles w. long period

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10
Q

2 characteristic that creates pulse : short duration

A
  1. few cycles in pulse
    2.individual cycles w. short period
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11
Q

how many pulse typically contained in clinical imaging ?

A

2- 4 cycles

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12
Q

which type of pulse is more desirable in diagnostic imaging & why ? long or short duration

A

shorter duration
create image : great accuracy

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13
Q

Spatial Pulse length

A

distance > pulse occupies in space from start to end : that pulse

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14
Q

Units : SPL

A

distance
mm

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15
Q

SPL determined by

A

both sound source / medium

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16
Q

can SPL be adjustable

A

NO

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17
Q

SPL / # : cycles in pulse … related

A

directly proportional

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18
Q

SPL / wavelength … related

A

Directly proportional

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19
Q

SPL / Frequency ….. related

A

Inversely proportional

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20
Q

2 characteristic that creates long pulse length

A
  1. many cycles > pulse
  2. cycles w/ longer wavelength
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21
Q

2 characteristic that creates short pulse length

A
  1. fewer cycles > pulse
    2.cycles w/ shorter wavelength
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22
Q

which type of pulse is more desirable in diagnostic imaging & why ? Long or short pulse length

A

Pulse : shorter length
bc > they create more accurate image

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23
Q

pulse repetition period

A

time from start : 1 pulse to start : next pulse

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24
Q

units : PRP

A

time
ms

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25
Q

PRP determined by

A

sound source

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26
Q

can PRP be adjusted & how

A

Yes
sonographer adjust scan depth : view

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27
Q

system image at shallow depth, the time from 1 pulse to next is ….

28
Q

system image at more deeply, the time from 1 pulse to next is ….

29
Q

PRP / period … related

30
Q

PRP / depth : view … related

A

directly
⬆️,⬆️

31
Q

depth : view

A

describes max distance into body > U/S is imaging

32
Q

2 component : PRP

A
  1. transmit time / on time
  2. receive time / off time
33
Q

another word for transmit time

A

pulse duration

34
Q

Pulse repetition frequency

A

: pulse > U/S transmits into body each second

35
Q

unit : PRF

A

hertz (Hz)
per second

36
Q

PRF determined by

A

sound source

37
Q

can PRF be adjustable & how

A

Yes
sonographer adjusting depth : view

38
Q

PRF / depth : view ….. related

A

inversely
⬆️,⬇️

39
Q

PRP / PRF … related

A

Inversely
⬆️,⬇️

40
Q

PRP / PRF special relationship

A

reciprocal

41
Q

Duty factor

A

% / fraction : time > system transmits a pulse

42
Q

units : DF

43
Q

DF determined by

A

sound source

44
Q

can DF be adjustable & how

A

Yes
changing depth : view

45
Q

what is the maxi value : DF & how is it achieved

A

1 or 100 %
Continuous wave

46
Q

what. is the mini i value : DF & how is it achieved

A

0%
only when transducer is silent

47
Q

how can sonographer change DF

A

altering imaging depth

48
Q

parameters that describes both pulse & continuous wave sound ( 4)

A
  1. period
  2. frequency
    3.wavelength
  3. propagation speed
49
Q

Intensities

50
Q

5 key words related to intensities : pulsed wave

A

1.spatial
2. peak
3. average
4.temporal
5. pulsed

51
Q

spatial

A

distance or space

52
Q

peak

53
Q

average

A

middle value

54
Q

temporal

A

all time, transmits ( Pulse duration) / receive

55
Q

pulsed

A

transmit time ( pulse duration)

56
Q

spatial peak intensity (Isp)

A

beam intensity at location where its max

57
Q

spatial average intensity ( ISA)

A

average intensity across > beam entire cross sectional area

58
Q

Imax / Im

A

determining average intensity during most intense half cycle

58
Q

temporal peak intensity (Itp)

A

measures intensity : beam at instant > time : max value

59
Q

pulse average intensity (Ipa)

A

average intensity during pulse duration - transmit intensity

60
Q

temporal average intensity (Ita)

A

averaging intensity during entire pulse repetition period - both transmit /receive time

61
Q

Isptp

A

measured at location where intensity = max
at instant time when most powerful part : pulse passes

62
Q

Isppa

A

measured at location where intensity = min
averaged over transmit time ( Pulse duration

63
Q

Ispta

A

measured at location where intensity > max / averaged over all time, both transmit / receive time

64
Q

Isata

A

measured over entire cross sectional area : sound beam & over all time

book ultrasounds physics (8 decks)

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