Chapter 4&5

Question 1

The ________ of a discrete random variable represents the mean value of the outcomes

Answer 1

expected value

Question 2

The ________ for a procedure consists of all possible simple events or all outcomes that cannot be broken down any further

Answer 2

Sample space

Question 3

The classical approach to probability requires that the outcomes are _______.

Answer 3

Equally likely

Question 4

As a procedure is repeated again and again, the relative frequency of an event tends to approach the actual probability. This is known as ____________________.

Answer 4

The law of large numbers

Question 5

Principles of probability

Answer 5

1. The probability of an event is between 0 and 1 inclusive
2. The probability of an event certain to occur is 1
3. The probability of an impossible event is 0

Question 6

Classical approach to probability (equally likely outcomes)

Answer 6

P(A) = number of ways A occurs/number of different simple events = s/n

Question 7

Relative frequency approach of probability (observe and count)

Answer 7

P(A) = # of times A occurs/ # of times procedure repeated

Question 8

Subjective Probability

Answer 8

P(A) is estimated

Question 9

Simulation

Answer 9

Process that behaves in the same ways as the procedure itself so that similar results are produced

Question 10

Complement

Answer 10

Consists of all outcomes in which event A does not occur

Question 11

Significantly high number of successes

Answer 11

Probability of 0.05 or less

Question 12

Disjoint events

Answer 12

Two events cannot occur at the same time

Question 13

Drive thru ?

Answer 13

1. Add all orders to get total
2. Add all accurate orders
3. Add accurate order total to not accurate number from restaurant A = x
4. Take x and divide by total

Question 14

At least one is equivalent to __________.

Answer 14

“One or more”

Question 15

A ________ probability of an event is a probability obtained with knowledge that some other event has already occurred.

Answer 15

Conditional

Question 16

Confusion of the inverse occurs when we incorrectly believe ___________.

Answer 16

P(B|A) = P(A|B)

Question 17

Multiplication Rule

Answer 17

P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B|A)

Question 18

Independent events

Answer 18

(Replacement)

Question 19

Dependent events

Answer 19

(No replacement)

Question 20

Tested positive| given no disease

Answer 20

1. Add all no disease
2. positive test(no disease)/ individual no disease

Question 21

Permutations

Answer 21

Order matters
- n different items are available and r of them are selected without replacement

Question 22

Combinations

Answer 22

Order does not matter

Question 23

Multiplication rule

Answer 23

P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B|A)

Question 24

Combination lock

Answer 24

Uses multiplication rule

Question 25

A _________variable is a variable that has a single numerical value, determined by chance, for each outcome of a procedure.

Answer 25

Random

Question 26

A ___________random variable has either a finite of a countable number of values.

Answer 26

Discrete

Question 27

A ____________ random variable has infinitely many values associated with measurements.

Answer 27

Continuous

Question 28

In a probability histogram, there is a correspondence between __________.

Answer 28

Area and probability

Question 29

The ________ of a discrete random variable represents the mean value of the outcomes.

Answer 29

Expected value

Question 30

Random variable

Answer 30

Variable with a single numerical value, determined by chance, for each outcome of a procedure.

Question 31

Probability distribution

Answer 31

1. Between 0 and 1
2. All values added to 1
3. Values must be numerical

Question 32

Binomial Probability Requirements

Answer 32

1. Fixed number of trials
2. 2 possible outcomes, success and failure
3. Probability of success remains the same in all trials
4. Trials are independent

Question 33

In the binomial probability formula, the variable x represents the __________.

Answer 33

Number of successes