Chapter 4

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

The component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words.

Question 2

Lexicon

Answer 2

A mental representation of language information about words and other lexicon expressions

Question 3

Inflection

Answer 3

A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information such as, person, number, tense or gender

Question 4

Morpheme

Answer 4

Words that cannot be broken into smaller parts.

Question 5

Free morpheme

Answer 5

Words that can be used by themselves

Question 6

Bound morpheme

Answer 6

Words that have to be attached to other words

Question 7

Affixation

Answer 7

Process of forming words by adding (affixes) to morphemes

Question 8

Compounding

Answer 8

Word formation process by which words are formed through combining 2 or more independent words

Question 9

Affix

Answer 9

Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

Question 10

Agglutinating language

Answer 10

A type of synthetic language in which the relationship between words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes

Question 11

Allomorph

Answer 11

One of a set of non-distinctive realizations of a morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

Question 12

Alternation

Answer 12

In Phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related

Question 13

Ambiguity

Answer 13

The phenomena by which a single linguistic form ( word of string of words) can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 14

Analytic language

Answer 14

type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes

Question 15

bound root

Answer 15

Morphemes that have some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in it’s own right

Question 16

closed lexical category

Answer 16

Lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

Question 17

conjunction

Answer 17

A lexical category that consists of function words such as, and, but and however

Question 18

content morpheme

Answer 18

Morpheme that carries semantic content

Question 19

content word

Answer 19

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs

Question 20

derivation

Answer 20

In Phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it

Question 21

determiner

Answer 21

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as, the, a, this and all, ect,

Question 22

form

Answer 22

the structure or shape of any particular linguistic item from individual segments to strings of words

Question 23

function morpheme

Answer 23

morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence

Question 24

function word

Answer 24

A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

Question 25

fusional language

Answer 25

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

Question 26

hierarchical structure

Answer 26

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase

Question 27

homophony

Answer 27

The phenomenon by which 2 or more distinct morphemes or non-phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 28

Incorporation

Answer 28

morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

Question 29

Infix

Answer 29

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 30

Input

Answer 30

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules

Question 31

Lexical category

Answer 31

Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties

Question 32

Open lexical category

Answer 32

lexical category into which new members are often introduced

Question 33

Output

Answer 33

The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 34

Partial reduplication

Answer 34

Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated

Question 35

Polysynthetic language

Answer 35

A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 36

Prefix

Answer 36

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

Question 37

Preposition

Answer 37

The name of a synthetic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

Question 38

Productive

Answer 38

Describes a rule such as, a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem

Question 39

Pronoun

Answer 39

The name of a lexical category that consists of words such as, I, she, us…

Question 40

Reduplication

Answer 40

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire or part of a word

Question 41

Reduplicant

Answer 41

The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

Question 42

Root

Answer 42

The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach

Question 43

Simultaneous affix

Answer 43

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem

Question 44

Stem

Answer 44

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added

Question 45

Suffix

Answer 45

Affix that attaches to the end of a stem

Question 46

Suppletion

Answer 46

A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from either one