Chapter 4

Question 1

What extrinsic factors are the embryo and fetus to?

Answer 1

• Positive effects (good nourishments)

- Negative effects (smoking, alcohol)

Question 2

True or False: Genetic and extrinsic factors combine to influence growth and aging

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Conception to 8 weeks
Differentiation of cells to form specific tissues and organs
Limbs formed at 4 weeks
Human form noticeable at 8 weeks

Answer 3

Embryonic Developement

Question 4

Increase in cells and larger in cells

Answer 4

Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy

Question 5

(a condition existing at birth or before birth) can derive from genetic or extrinsic source

Answer 5

Congenital defects

Question 6

direction of growth from head toward lower body

Answer 6

Cephalocaudal

Question 7

direction of growth from the body toward the extremities

Answer 7

Proximodistal

Question 8

modificability. The ability of tissues to subsume functions otherwise carried out by other tissues

Answer 8

Plasticity

Question 9

any drug or chemical agent that causes abnormal development in fetus upon exposure) delivered through nourishment system act as malformation-producing agents

Answer 9

Teratogens

Question 10

What are some harmful environmental factors?

Answer 10

include pressure, temperature, X and gamma rays, oxygen-deficient atmospheres, pollutants