Chapter 4 Flashcards
Elements
- pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary laboratory processes
- the building blocks of matter
What are elements separated by
symbols
element symbols
•what does it represent
•how many letters does it consist of
•does it start with a capital or lowercase letter
- represents the name of an element
- consists of 1 or 2 letters
- starts with a capital letter
Fe
•effect
•sources
- hemoglobin/myoglobin/metabolic enzymes
* red meat/GLVs
Cu
•effect
•sources
- enzyme cofactors/formation of collagen
* nuts/WGs
Zn
•effect
•sources
- metabolism/formation of collagen
* seafood/WGs
Mn
•effect
•sources
- enzymes/CNS/metabolism/hemostasis
* pineapple/WGs
I
•effect
•sources
- thyroid function
* seafood/iodized salt
F
•effect
•sources
- teeth/bone calcium retention
* tea/fish/fluoridated water, toothpaste
Hg
•effect
•sources
- toxic to CNS
* contaminated fish/lab waste
Pb
•effect
•sources
- toxic to CNS and other tissues
* white paint before 1972/cheap jewelry and plastic items
How are elements organized
in the periodic table
Groups
contains elements with similar properties and are arranged in vertical columns
Where does the group number appear?
across the top
Periods
horizontal rows of elements
atoms
- tiny particles of matter
- cannot be created,divided, destroyed, or converted to another type of atom
- atoms of an element are similar to each other but not other elements of atoms
compounds
2 or more different elements combine
Metals
- shiny
- good conductors
- most react with water
Atomic number
- specific for each element
- the same for all atoms of an element
- equal to the number of protons in an atom
- appears above the symbol of an element
what is the net charge of an atom
0
mass number
- what does it represent
- how is it calculated
- represents the number of particles in the nucleus
- protons + neutrons
Isotopes
- atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers
- have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Nuclear symbol
-represents a particular atom of an element
where is the atomic mass located
below the symbol of each element
Electromagnetic radiation
- definition
- how is it described
- moves at what speed
- speed of light=
- energy that travels as waves through space
- described in terms of wavelength and frequency
- moves at the speed of light in a vacuum
- 3.0 x 10^8
Electromagnetic spectrum
- how does it arrange energy
- how does it arrange wavelengths
- when does it show visible light
- arranges forms of energy from lowest to highest
- arranges energy from longest to shortest wavelengths
- shows visible light with wavelengths from 700-400nm
atomic spectrum
- what does it consist of
- when are photons emitted
- lines of different colors formed when light from a heated element passes through a prism
- photons emitted when electrons drop to lower energy levels
How are electrons arranged
in specific energy levels that
- are labeled n 1-5
- increase in energy as it increases
- have the electrons with the lowest energy in the 1st energy level closest the nucleus
absorbing energy means…
when an electron jumps to a higher energy level
Emitting energy means..
when an electron drops to a lower energy level
-visible color
Sublevels
- where are they found
- what letters are they
- same or different energy
- found within each energy level
- are designated by the letters, p, d, and f
- all electrons within a sublevel have the same energy
the number of sublevels is equal to the value of the
principal quantum number
s sublevel
- highest or lowest level
- what is it followed by
- lowest
- followed by p, d and f
orbitals
- definition
- what shape does it represent
- how many electrons can it hold
- which ways do the electrons have to spin
- 3D space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found
- electron density
- 2 electrons
- opposite ways
