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Chemistry 101 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Elements

A
  • pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary laboratory processes
  • the building blocks of matter
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2
Q

What are elements separated by

A

symbols

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3
Q

element symbols
•what does it represent
•how many letters does it consist of
•does it start with a capital or lowercase letter

A
  • represents the name of an element
  • consists of 1 or 2 letters
  • starts with a capital letter
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4
Q

Fe
•effect
•sources

A
  • hemoglobin/myoglobin/metabolic enzymes

* red meat/GLVs

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5
Q

Cu
•effect
•sources

A
  • enzyme cofactors/formation of collagen

* nuts/WGs

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6
Q

Zn
•effect
•sources

A
  • metabolism/formation of collagen

* seafood/WGs

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7
Q

Mn
•effect
•sources

A
  • enzymes/CNS/metabolism/hemostasis

* pineapple/WGs

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8
Q

I
•effect
•sources

A
  • thyroid function

* seafood/iodized salt

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9
Q

F
•effect
•sources

A
  • teeth/bone calcium retention

* tea/fish/fluoridated water, toothpaste

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10
Q

Hg
•effect
•sources

A
  • toxic to CNS

* contaminated fish/lab waste

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11
Q

Pb
•effect
•sources

A
  • toxic to CNS and other tissues

* white paint before 1972/cheap jewelry and plastic items

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12
Q

How are elements organized

A

in the periodic table

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13
Q

Groups

A

contains elements with similar properties and are arranged in vertical columns

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14
Q

Where does the group number appear?

A

across the top

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15
Q

Periods

A

horizontal rows of elements

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16
Q

atoms

A
  • tiny particles of matter
  • cannot be created,divided, destroyed, or converted to another type of atom
  • atoms of an element are similar to each other but not other elements of atoms
17
Q

compounds

A

2 or more different elements combine

18
Q

Metals

A
  • shiny
  • good conductors
  • most react with water
19
Q

Atomic number

A
  • specific for each element
  • the same for all atoms of an element
  • equal to the number of protons in an atom
  • appears above the symbol of an element
20
Q

what is the net charge of an atom

A

0

21
Q

mass number

  • what does it represent
  • how is it calculated
A
  • represents the number of particles in the nucleus

- protons + neutrons

22
Q

Isotopes

A
  • atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers

- have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

23
Q

Nuclear symbol

A

-represents a particular atom of an element

24
Q

where is the atomic mass located

A

below the symbol of each element

25
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

  • definition
  • how is it described
  • moves at what speed
  • speed of light=
A
  • energy that travels as waves through space
  • described in terms of wavelength and frequency
  • moves at the speed of light in a vacuum
  • 3.0 x 10^8
26
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

  • how does it arrange energy
  • how does it arrange wavelengths
  • when does it show visible light
A
  • arranges forms of energy from lowest to highest
  • arranges energy from longest to shortest wavelengths
  • shows visible light with wavelengths from 700-400nm
27
Q

atomic spectrum

  • what does it consist of
  • when are photons emitted
A
  • lines of different colors formed when light from a heated element passes through a prism
  • photons emitted when electrons drop to lower energy levels
28
Q

How are electrons arranged

A

in specific energy levels that

  1. are labeled n 1-5
  2. increase in energy as it increases
  3. have the electrons with the lowest energy in the 1st energy level closest the nucleus
29
Q

absorbing energy means…

A

when an electron jumps to a higher energy level

30
Q

Emitting energy means..

A

when an electron drops to a lower energy level

-visible color

31
Q

Sublevels

  • where are they found
  • what letters are they
  • same or different energy
A
  • found within each energy level
  • are designated by the letters, p, d, and f
  • all electrons within a sublevel have the same energy
32
Q

the number of sublevels is equal to the value of the

A

principal quantum number

33
Q

s sublevel

  • highest or lowest level
  • what is it followed by
A
  • lowest

- followed by p, d and f

34
Q

orbitals

  • definition
  • what shape does it represent
  • how many electrons can it hold
  • which ways do the electrons have to spin
A
  • 3D space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found
  • electron density
  • 2 electrons
  • opposite ways

Chemistry 101 (7 decks)

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