Chapter 4

Question 1

Homer

Answer 1

Suspected author of The Odyssey, follows a man named Odysseus who tries to get home after being in foreign lands for 20 years.

Question 2

Epic

Answer 2

A long story based on a character who goes on adventures and achieves great things.

Question 3

Myth

Answer 3

A legendary or traditional stories that explains how and why things do certain things.

Question 4

Polis

Answer 4

Greek word for city-state.

Question 5

Acropolis

Answer 5

The building in the middle of a polis that acts like a fortress in an invasion.

Question 6

Monarchy

Answer 6

Type of government where there is one person in power, typically a king or queen.

Question 7

Aristocracy

Answer 7

A type of government where power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.

Question 8

Oligarchy

Answer 8

A government ruled by a few powerful people.

Question 9

Tyrant

Answer 9

Powerful individuals, usually nobles or other wealthy citizens, who sometimes seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support.

Question 10

Democracy

Answer 10

A government ruled by the people.

Question 11

Helot

Answer 11

Peasants forced to stay on the land they worked.

Question 12

Phalanx

Answer 12

Military formation where foot soldiers that stand side by side, each holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other.

Question 13

Persian Wars

Answer 13

Between Greece and the Persian Empire, began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia.

Question 14

Direct Democracy

Answer 14

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.

Question 15

Classical Art

Answer 15

The standard of sculptures who valued harmony, order, balance, and proportion.

Question 16

Tragedy

Answer 16

A serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal.

Question 17

Comedy

Answer 17

A play with scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor.

Question 18

Peloponnesian War

Answer 18

War between Athens and Sparta, Sparta won by burning Athenian food supplies while Athenian people moved into the city, sickness spread inside the city. Athens lost its empire, power and wealth.

Question 19

Philosopher

Answer 19

“Lovers of wisdom”, great thinkers.

Question 20

Socrates

Answer 20

Philosopher who encouraged people to question their own beliefs, died of hemlock.

Question 21

Plato

Answer 21

Philosopher who wrote The Republic, stating his “perfectly governed society.”

Question 22

Aristotle

Answer 22

Philosopher who questioned the nature of the world, human belief, thought, and knowledge, tutored Alexander the Great.

Question 23

Phillip II

Answer 23

King of Macedonia, father of Alexander, conquered Greece.

Question 24

Macedonia

Answer 24

Kingdom located just north of Greece, had rough terrain and climate. They had shrewd and fearless kings.

Question 25

Alexander the Great

Answer 25

Son of Phillip II, he conquered the Persian empire, Egypt, and all the way to India.

Question 26

Darius III

Answer 26

Persian king who fled from Alexander at least 2 times and tried to negotiate peace with him, but Alexander refused.

Question 27

Hellenistic

Answer 27

The blending of Greek, Persian, and Indian influences.

Question 28

Alexandria

Answer 28

Egyptian city that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.

Question 29

Euclid

Answer 29

A highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria

Question 30

Archimedes

Answer 30

Hellenistic scientist who accurately estimated the value of pi and invented the Archimedes screw.

Question 31

Colossus of Rhodes

Answer 31

One of the 7 wonders of the ancient world, this bronze statue is 100 feet high, a Hellenistic statue