Chapter 4:

Question 1

Intraspecific competition

Answer 1

Between members of the same species

Question 2

Interspecific competition

Answer 2

Between 2 or more different species

Question 3

Competitive exclusion

Answer 3

Occurs when one species excludes the other from resource use entirely

Question 4

Species coexistence

Answer 4

Competing species that live side-by-side and reach a stable equilibrium point

Question 5

Fundamental niche

Answer 5

The full niche of a species

Question 6

Realized niche

Answer 6

Part of the fundamental niche that’s actually filled

Question 7

Resource partitioning

Answer 7

Species use different resources or share resources in different ways

Question 8

Character displacement

Answer 8

Competing species diverge in their physical characteristics

Question 9

Predation

Answer 9

The process in which an individual of one species predator hunts, captures, and kills and consumes an individual of another species, its prey

Question 10

Paritsm

Answer 10

A relationship in which one organism the parasite, depends on another, the host, for nourishment or some other benefit by doing the host harm

Question 11

Parasitoids

Answer 11

Parasites that kill their host to survive

Question 12

Coevolution

Answer 12

Hosting parasites that become a locked in a duel of escalating adaptation

Question 13

Herbivory

Answer 13

Occurs when animals feed on the tissues of plants. It does not kill the host but damages it

Question 14

Mutualism

Answer 14

Relationship in which two or more species benefit from interacting with one another

Question 15

Symbiosis

Answer 15

Relationships between organisms that live in close physical contact

Question 16

Amensalism

Answer 16

A relationship in which organism is harmed and the other is unaffected

Question 17

Commensalism

Answer 17

Relationship that occurs when one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 18

Energy moves through the community’s…

Answer 18

Trophic levels

Question 19

Products and autotrophs

Answer 19

First Trophic levels, contains phytosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms

Question 20

Primary consumers

Answer 20

Second trophic level, most

Question 21

Secondary consumers

Answer 21

Third trophic level, consume primary consumers

Question 22

Tertiary consumers

Answer 22

Predators that feed at higher trophic levels

Question 23

Biomass

Answer 23

Collective mass of living matter in a given place and time

Question 24

Food chain

Answer 24

Energy transferred from species lower trophic levels to species on higher Trophic levels

Question 25

Food web

Answer 25

Visual map of energy flow show in which energy passes among organisms as a consumer one another’s

Question 26

Keystone species

Answer 26

The species that has a particularly strong or far reaching impact

Question 27

Trophic cascade

Answer 27

Putters a high trophic levels in directly affect population out low trophic levels

Question 28

Resistance

Answer 28

A community that resists change and remain stable despite a disturbance

Question 29

Resilience

Answer 29

A community may change in response to a disturbance in later returned with original state

Question 30

Succession

Answer 30

The predictable series of changes in a community following a disturbance

Question 31

Primary succession

Answer 31

A disturbance removes all vegetation and soil life

Question 32

Secondary succession

Answer 32

A disturbance dramatically alters but does not destroy all organisms

Question 33

Pioneer species

Answer 33

The first species to arrive in a primary succession area

Question 34

Phase shift or regime shift

Answer 34

Where the overall character of the community fundamentally changes

Question 35

Ecological restoration

Answer 35

Efforts restore areas to a more pristine habitats

Question 36

Biome

Answer 36

Major regional complex of similar communities, recognized primarily by its dominant plant types and vegetation structure

Question 37

Climatographs

Answer 37

Climate diagrams that depict annual patterns and monthly averages of temperature and precipitation

Question 38

Temperate deciduous forest

Answer 38

Eastern North America, Broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in fall

Question 39

Temperate grasslands

Answer 39

Feeling more extreme temperature, less precipitations, middle of the U.S.

Question 40

Temperate rainforest

Answer 40

Pacific Northwest, forest type that’s high in biodiversity, produce high volumes of commercial import products

Question 41

Tropical rainforests

Answer 41

Near equator, hiring for all year round, warm temperatures, high biodiversity and lush vegetation

Question 42

Tropical dry forests

Answer 42

Tropical areas that are warm year-round, lower rainfall overall

Question 43

Savanna

Answer 43

Dry tropical areas, Africa South America India and Australia, grasslands with interspersed clusters of trees

Question 44

Desert

Answer 44

Driest biome, rainfall from storms, low humidity, little vegetation, temperatures range from night to day

Question 45

Tundra

Answer 45

Dryer is desert, high latitudes, Russia Scandinavia Canada, little daylight and winter full days in summer, little vegetation

Question 46

Boreal forest

Answer 46

Northern Coniferous forests, cool and dry regions, Canada Alaska Russia and Scandinavia

Question 47

Chapparal

Answer 47

Found in a Mediterranean climate consists of densely thick evergreen shrubs

Question 48

Competition

Answer 48

Occurs when resources are limited