Chapter 4

Question 1

The wave of absolute refractoriness that follows an action potential

Answer 1

keeps the action potential from spreading actively back down an axon towards the cell body

Question 2

A change in the resting potential of a dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

Answer 2

an IPSP

Question 3

Drugs that facilitate or enhance the effects of a particular neurotransmitter are called - of that neurotransmitter

Answer 3

agonists

Question 4

What is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 4

glutamate

Question 5

Action potentials can be conducted

Answer 5

actively, passively, orthodromically, and antidromically

Question 6

Hyperpolarization is to depolarization as

Answer 6

inhibitory is to excitatory

Question 7

Once released, neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

Answer 7

binding to postsynaptic receptors

Question 8

Many neurons contains and release two neurotransmitters. This situation is called

Answer 8

coexistence

Question 9

What is an example of a non-monoamine neurotransmitter?

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

Ions pass through the neural membrane via specialized pores called

Answer 10

ion channels

Question 11

When a small-molecule transmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor, the

Answer 11

associated ion channel opens or closes

Question 12

Gap junctions are also called

Answer 12

electrical synapses

Question 13

Metabotropic receptors are linked to

Answer 13

signal proteins and G proteins

Question 14

There are three kinds of spatial summation and

Answer 14

two kinds of temporal summation

Question 15

A neuron normally fires when

Answer 15

the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of activity

Question 16

In comparison to ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors

Answer 16

produce effects that take longer to develop, produce longer lasting effects, produce effects that are more diffuse, and arre more prevalent

Question 17

Neurotransmitters are usually stored in

Answer 17

vesicles

Question 18

Neurotransmitters are usually stored in

Answer 18

vesicles

Question 19

A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between

Answer 19

the inside and outside of a cell