Chapter 4

Question 1

Tenancy

Answer 1

Renting and working property for wrath lay land owners.

Sig: changed New York’s economy as a majority of their population now worked as tenants

Question 2

Household mode of production

Answer 2

A system where families would exchange labor and goods. I.E: wives and daughters would spin yarn in exchange handiwork from another family.
Sig: since there was little currency this introduced one of the earliest forms of the debits and credits system

Question 3

Redemption System

Answer 3

A flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrival.
Sig: Many migrants were able to preserve their cultural identity

Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

An European cultural movement in which emphasized the power of human reasoning
Sig: it’s travel from Britain to America signified how closely influenced by Britain America was.

Question 5

Pietism

Answer 5

An evangelical Christian cultural movement that emphasize one’s personal relationship relationship with god.
Sig: Influenced American religions, especially in New York & Pennsylvania where more Germans began to settle

Question 6

Natural Rights

Answer 6

An idea that resulted from the Enlightenment that emphasized the power of human reason.
Sig: the preservation of our unalienable rights (Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness) is in our constitution.

Question 7

Deism

Answer 7

A way of thinking that does not follow any religion. The belief in the existence of a God on the evidence of reason and nature only.
Sig: people began to question the mortality of slave owning, thus the north began to shift away from such a slave based economy

Question 8

Revival

Answer 8

Renewal of religious enthusiasm

Sig: George Whitfield turned several smaller local revivals into the Great Awakening

Question 9

Old Lights

Answer 9

Conservative ministers who condemned the crying out, fainting and convulsions of the new revivalist meetings. They also disliked claims of working miracles.
Sig: the old lights persuaded the legislature not to let the evangelist from speaking to a congregation without the minister’s permission

Question 10

New Lights

Answer 10

Those in favor of these more radical revivalist meanings, Pietist.
Sig: After they left the Congregational church the new lights founded 125 separatist churches

Question 11

Consumer Revolution

Answer 11

A marked increase in the consumption of luxury goods by people from different conical and social backgrounds.
Sig: marked the departure from a traditional more frugal lifestyle.

Question 12

Regulators

Answer 12

Landowning vigilantes that demanded fairer taxation and more representation.
Sig: because of the regulators the South Carolina assembly created western courts, however they refused to lower taxes or to add any new people to the legislation.

Question 13

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 13

One of the founding fathers of the USA
Sig: popularized the practical outlook of the enlightenment in Poor Richard’s Almanack, founded the American Philosophical Society and created the bifocal, stove and the lightening rod

Question 14

George Whitefield

Answer 14

An English minister who transformed local revivals into the Great Awakening
Sig: printed accounts of his travels, conversions and sermons helped to confirm pietist in their faith.

Question 15

French & Indian War

Answer 15

The war between the French & The native Americans against Britain over overlapping land claims
Sig:Changed the political, economical and governmental relationship between the three European Powers (Britain, Spain and France)

Question 16

Pontiac

Answer 16

An Ottwa war chief
Sig: responsible for Pontiac’s War which was the most successful Native American resistance to European invasion in American History

Question 17

Albany Plan

Answer 17

A proposal of “one general Goverment” be formed in America. A continental assembly would be set up to manage trade, Indian policy and the colonies’ defense.
Sig: though it is very similar to the USA’s currently form of Government this idea never received serious consideration.

Question 18

Paxton Boys

Answer 18

A group of men who slaughtered innocent Conestoga Indians in protest.
Sig: The Paxton Boys protest was an underlying message that America still had kinks to fix and that the westerners felt isolated and underrepresented.

Question 19

Cotton Mather

Answer 19

An American Puritan minister in Boston

Sig: His writings led to increased fear of witches and helped cause the Salem Witch trials

Question 20

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 20

A Minister in Northampton, Massachusetts.
Sig: Encouraged a revival in MA. that then spread to towns throughout the CT river valley. He published an account of this called “A Faithful & Surprising Work of God”