Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals to RT > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

Associated with factors that promote colonization of the pharynx with gram negative bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most nosocomial PNA occurs in…

A

Patients having chest or abdominal surgery.

  • Normal swallowing and clearance mechanisms impaired.
  • The presence of artificial airway increase likelihood of developing nosocomial PNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who has a greater risk for nosocomial PNA following major surgery.

A

COPD, Smokers, Obesity, advanced age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Colonization

A

presence of microorganisms in a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathogen

A

microorganisms capable of producing disease in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

infection

A

when microorganisms cause cell or tissue damage (microorganisms overcomes barriers of hose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does getting an infection depend on?

A

Virulence or microorganism, host’s resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

infections acquired in the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Asepsis

A

Absence of disease-producing microorganisms (Bacteria, mycoplasmas, fungi, and viruses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sterile

A

Complete absence of all forms of microorgisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cross-contamination

A

transmission of microorganisms between places and/or persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the spread of infection require?

A
  • source of pathogen
  • Susceptible host
  • Route or transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Source of infections (in hospitals)

A
  • people (patients, personal, and visitors)

* Contaminated objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Susceptible Host

A

resistance to infection varies greatly from one person to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Host factors the increase the change of infection

A
  • poorly controlled diabetes
  • increased age
  • chemotherapy
  • placement of tubes and catheters (artificial airways)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transmission routes

A
  • contact
  • Droplet
  • airborne
  • common vehicle
  • vectorborne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contact Transmission

A

The most common mode of transmission.
*Direct Contact- Microorganism is transferred directly from one infected person to another without a contaminated intermediate object (fomite) or person
Indirect Contact: Transfer of infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person (Dirty hands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

Respiratory droplets, greater then 5 microns that travel relatively short distances through the air, generally considered 3 feet or less.

  • generated by coughing, sneezing, and or talking from an infected individual
  • These large droplets do not remain suspended in the air, do not require special air handling procedures
19
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

Airborne dissemination by droplet nuclei or small respirable particles (less then 5 microns)
*easily dispersed by air currents
Requires Negative pressure room and N-95 Masks

20
Q

Droplet Nuclei

A

Residue of evaporated liquid droplets (TB and Measles form droplet nuclei)

21
Q

Vehicle

A

Exposure to pathogens in contaminated food or water, not common in the hospital setting

  • Salmonella and Hepatitis A are common examples of food borne
  • Cholera is a common example of waterborne
22
Q

Vectorborne Transmission

A

Occurs when an animal (usually insect) transfers an infectious agent from one host to another
*examples, malaria-mosquito; Lyme-tick

23
Q

infection control strategies

A

Break the chain of events

  • decrease host susceptibility
  • Eliminating source of pathogen
  • interrupting routes of transmission
24
Q

decreasing host susceptibility

A

Least feasible approach, main focus is on employee immunization (influenza, Hepatitis B, Tetanus)

25
Q

Interrupting routes of Transmission (three major approaches)

A
  • Specialized equipment handling procedures
  • Barrier/isolation precautions
  • Single patient use disposable equipment
26
Q

Barrier Measures and Isolation percautions

A

Hand washing is the single most effective method to prevent the spread of infection.
*PPE (Gloves, Mask, Gown, Goggles)

27
Q

Standard Percautions

A

Primary strategy for preventing transmission of infectious agents among patients and health care workers, Assumes that any body fluids are infectious, decisions about PPE determined by type of clinical interactions with pt

28
Q

Expanded Precautions

A

Applied with patients who have Known or Suspected infections the require additional control measures (Contact, Droplet and Airborne)

29
Q

Gloves

A

Used when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated items, for touching membranes and non intact skin

30
Q

Gowns

A

Use during procedures and patient care activities when contact of clothing/ exposed skin with blood/body fluids, secretions, or excretions is anticipated

31
Q

Mask and goggles or a face shield

A

Use during patient care activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions

32
Q

Contact Percautions

A

Gown and Gloves

33
Q

Droplet Percautions

A

Surgical Mask

34
Q

Airborne infection isolation

A

N95 mask

35
Q

Protective environment isolation

A

Engineering approach to protect highly immunocomprised patients

36
Q

General Sanitation

A

Reducing pathogens to a safe level

  • Sanitary (Laundry management, Food preparation, house keeping)
  • Environmental control of air and water
37
Q

Equipment processing

A

Decontaminating equipment (my wash all equipment first, getting all the organic material off first) then disinfection and sterilization, it is impossible to eliminate all pathogens

38
Q

Equipment Categories

A

Based on the risk of infection in equipment is contaminated

39
Q

Critical equipment

A

Equipment that enters sterile tissues or vascular systems (should be purchased sterile or sterilized before use)

40
Q

Semi-Critical equipment

A

Equipment that contacts mucous membranes or non intact skin (most respiratory equipment, requires at least high-level sterilization)

41
Q

Non-Critical equipment

A

Equipment that come in contact with intact skin, decontamination where they are used (bed rails)

42
Q

Equipment processing

A
  • Cleaning (Step one) Removing dirt and organic material. Failure to clean properly will render subsequent processing ineffective. Designate dirty and clean areas, completely disassemble and wash in hot soapy water (when applicable) dry completely.
  • If equipment cannot be immersed in water clean and disinfect surface (70% ethyl alcohol or 90% isopropyl alcohol)
  • disinfect or sterilize (most equipment must also be disinfected or sterilized)
43
Q

Disinfection

A

Destroys vegetative form of pathogen but cannot kill bacterial spores

44
Q

Sterilization

A

complete destruction of all forms of microbial life (Sporadical)

Fundamentals to RT (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions