Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

________ is when there is pre-existing schemas in our brain change with new information.

A

Accommodation

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2
Q

________ is how we see and adapt to new information by using pre-existing schemas/knowledge.

A

Assimilation

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3
Q

_________ _________ (Piaget Stage) cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6; it includes language and imagination (in addition to the senses and motor skills of infancy), but logical operational thinking is not yet possible.

A

Pre-operational thinking

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4
Q

What are the 5 obstacles to logical operation?

A
  1. egocentrism
  2. centration
  3. focus on appearance
  4. static reasoning
  5. irreversibility
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5
Q

________ is a characteristic of pre-operational thought in which a young child focuses (centers) on one idea, excluding all others.

A

Centration

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6
Q

_______ is Piaget’s term for children’s tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective.

A

Egocentrism

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7
Q

_________ on ________ is a characteristic of pre-operational thought in which a young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent.

A

Focus on appearance

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8
Q

______ _______ refers to thinking that nothing changes: Whatever is now has always been and always will be.

A

Static reasoning

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9
Q

________ the idea that nothing can be undone; the inability to recognize that something can sometimes be restored to the way it was before a change occurred.

A

Irrevesibility

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10
Q

______ in thinking is when a person whose cognition is stimulate and directed by older more skilled members of society.

A

Apprentice

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11
Q

______ ________ the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations.

A

Guided participation

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12
Q

_______ of ________ ________ refers to the skills that a person can exercise only with assistance, not yet independently.

A

Zone of proximal development

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13
Q

_______ is temporary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process

A

Scaffolding

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14
Q

_____ speech is internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves (either silently or out loud).

A

Private

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15
Q

_______ _______ is a function of speech by which a person’s cognitive skills are refined and extended thorugh both formal instruction and causal conversation.

A

Social mediation

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16
Q

24 month (2 year) old toddlers know about ______ words.

A

500

17
Q

At about age 6 children know around______ words.

A

10, 000

18
Q

_______ _______ is the speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by mentally charting them into categories according to their meaning.

A

Fast mapping

19
Q

_______ is long string of sounds that children begin to produce at about ______ months of age.

A

Babbling

4

20
Q

Babbling has a social element and an infant will vary the _____, ______, and _______ to attract attention.

A

volume
pitch
rate

21
Q

_______ process by which an organism adapts to the environment; occurs as a result of two complementary processes, assimilation, and accomodation. Piagetian concept.

A

Adaptation

22
Q

_______ is immediate whole or partial vocal imitation of another speaker, characterizes the child’s speech at about 8 months.

A

Echolalia