Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is a solution
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is a Solvent
substance present in the largest amount Ex: water
What is a solute
substance present in a smaller amount
electrolyte?
is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity.
non-electrolyte ?
is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that does not conduct electricity
what is the difference between an aqueous solution that conducts electricity and one that does not?
is the presence or absence of ions.
Dissociation?
process by which an ionic compound, upon dissolution, breaks apart into its constituent ions
Ionization?
process by which a molecular compound forms ions when it dissolves.
base?
is a compound that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions
Most of the molecular compounds that are electrolytes are?
weak electrolytes
weak electrolyte ?
a compound that produces ions upon dissolving but exists in solution predominantly as molecules that are not ionized.
A good first step in identifying electrolytes?
determine whether the compound is ionic or molecular.
A good second step in identifying electrolytes?
An ionic compound contains a cation (which is either a metal ion or the ammonium ion) and an anion (which may be atomic or polyatomic).
A binary compound that contains a metal and a nonmetal?
almost always ionic.
Any ionic compound that dissolves in water is a?
weak electrolyte
precipitate?
An insoluble solid product that separates from a solution
precipitation reaction?
A chemical reaction in which a precipitate forms
Solubility?
the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
molecular equation?
chemical equation written with all compounds represented by their chemical formulas, making it look as though they exist in solution as molecules or formula units
spectator ions ?
Ions that appear on both sides of the equation arrow, they do not participate in the reaction.
net ionic equation?
chemical equation that includes only the species that are actually involved in the reaction
acid?
a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions
base?
as a substance that ionizes (or dissociates, in the case of an ionic base) in water to produce OH– ions.
monoprotic acids?
each acid molecule has one proton to donate.
diprotic acids?
each acid molecule has two protons that it can donate.
polyprotic acids?
acids with more than one proton
Oxidation?
is the loss of electrons
Reduction?
the gain of electrons
reducing agent ?
donates electrons
oxidizing agent ?
accepts electrons
Because compounds are electrically neutral, the oxidation numbers of any compound must sum to ?
zero
polyatomic ion, oxidation numbers must sum to the ?
charge on the ion
half-reaction method ?
balancing redox equations
Combination Reactions ?
involve oxidation and reduction.
Decomposition ?
x
disproportionation reaction?
one element undergoes both oxidation and reduction.
