Chapter 4

Question 1

What is a solution

Answer 1

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 2

What is a Solvent

Answer 2

substance present in the largest amount Ex: water

Question 3

What is a solute

Answer 3

substance present in a smaller amount

Question 4

electrolyte?

Answer 4

is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity.

Question 5

non-electrolyte ?

Answer 5

is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that does not conduct electricity

Question 6

what is the difference between an aqueous solution that conducts electricity and one that does not?

Answer 6

is the presence or absence of ions.

Question 7

Dissociation?

Answer 7

process by which an ionic compound, upon dissolution, breaks apart into its constituent ions

Question 8

Ionization?

Answer 8

process by which a molecular compound forms ions when it dissolves.

Question 9

base?

Answer 9

is a compound that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions

Question 10

Most of the molecular compounds that are electrolytes are?

Answer 10

weak electrolytes

Question 11

weak electrolyte ?

Answer 11

a compound that produces ions upon dissolving but exists in solution predominantly as molecules that are not ionized.

Question 12

A good first step in identifying electrolytes?

Answer 12

determine whether the compound is ionic or molecular.

Question 13

A good second step in identifying electrolytes?

Answer 13

An ionic compound contains a cation (which is either a metal ion or the ammonium ion) and an anion (which may be atomic or polyatomic).

Question 14

A binary compound that contains a metal and a nonmetal?

Answer 14

almost always ionic.

Question 15

Any ionic compound that dissolves in water is a?

Answer 15

weak electrolyte

Question 16

precipitate?

Answer 16

An insoluble solid product that separates from a solution

Question 17

precipitation reaction?

Answer 17

A chemical reaction in which a precipitate forms

Question 18

Solubility?

Answer 18

the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

Question 19

molecular equation?

Answer 19

chemical equation written with all compounds represented by their chemical formulas, making it look as though they exist in solution as molecules or formula units

Question 20

spectator ions ?

Answer 20

Ions that appear on both sides of the equation arrow, they do not participate in the reaction.

Question 21

net ionic equation?

Answer 21

chemical equation that includes only the species that are actually involved in the reaction

Question 22

acid?

Answer 22

a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions

Question 23

base?

Answer 23

as a substance that ionizes (or dissociates, in the case of an ionic base) in water to produce OH– ions.

Question 24

monoprotic acids?

Answer 24

each acid molecule has one proton to donate.

Question 25

diprotic acids?

Answer 25

each acid molecule has two protons that it can donate.

Question 26

polyprotic acids?

Answer 26

acids with more than one proton

Question 27

Oxidation?

Answer 27

is the loss of electrons

Question 28

Reduction?

Answer 28

the gain of electrons

Question 29

reducing agent ?

Answer 29

donates electrons

Question 30

oxidizing agent ?

Answer 30

accepts electrons

Question 31

Because compounds are electrically neutral, the oxidation numbers of any compound must sum to ?

Answer 31

zero

Question 32

polyatomic ion, oxidation numbers must sum to the ?

Answer 32

charge on the ion

Question 33

half-reaction method ?

Answer 33

balancing redox equations

Question 34

Combination Reactions ?

Answer 34

involve oxidation and reduction.

Question 35

Decomposition ?

Answer 35

x

Question 36

disproportionation reaction?

Answer 36

one element undergoes both oxidation and reduction.