Chapter 4: Flashcards
Which of the following are Lewis bases?
a. Ag+
b. H2O.
c. NH3.
d. a and b.
e. b and c.
f. a, b, and c.
c - because NH3 is the only option that has a lone pair of electrons to donate.
Define a Lewis base:
An electron donor in the form of a covalent bond - they will have a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to make a covalent bond.
Rank the following in order of decreasing nucleophilicity in an aprotic solvent:
RO-
RCOOH
ROH
HO-
RO - > HO - > ROH > RCOOH
Rank the following in order of decreasing electrophilicity:
CR3+
CH3OH
CH3OCH3
CH3Cl
CR3 > CH3Cl > CH3OH > CH3OCH3
Rank the following in order of decreasing leaving group ability:
H2O
OH-
Br -
H -
H2O, Br-, HO-, H
Rank the following in order of decreasing oxidation state:
amine
carboxylic acid
aldehyde
alkane
Carboxylic acid, aldehyde, amine, alkane
The last step in the grignard reaction is acidification, in which the alkoxide ion is protonated to form the final alcohol product. During this process, the alkoxide ion is acting as the:
a. Lewis base only.
b. Bronsted-Lowry base and lewis base.
c. Bronsted-Lowry base and lewis acid.
d. Bronsted-Lowry base only.
Bronsted-Lowry base and Lewis base.
If 2-butanol was treated with dichromate, what reaction would occur?
Oxidation, resulting in the formation of butanone.
If 1-hexanol was treated with pyridinium chlorochromate, what would the end product be?
Hexanal.
SN1 reactions show 1st order kinetics because:
a. The rate-limiting step is the first step to occur in the reaction.
b. The rate-limiting step involves only one molecule.
c. There is only one rate-limiting step.
d. The reaction involves only one molecule.
The rate-limiting step involves only one molecule.
In 1st order kinetics:
The reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of a single reactant.
