chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, and forms glands.
What are the main functions of connective tissue?
Protects, supports, and binds organs. Stores energy as fat and provides immunity.
What type of tissue generates physical force needed to make body structures move?
Muscular Tissue
What is the role of nervous tissue?
Detects changes inside and outside the body and initiates and transmits nerve impulses.
What do tight junctions do?
Form fluid-tight seals between cells to prevent leakage.
What are adherens junctions composed of?
Plaque and cadherins that bind cells together, providing stability.
What is the function of desmosomes?
Provide stability to tissues such as the skin and cardiac muscle.
What do hemidesmosomes connect?
Connect cells to the basement membrane, not to each other.
What is the function of gap junctions?
Allow cells to communicate with each other via connexins forming tunnels.
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Cells are tightly packed with minimal extracellular material, avascular, high rate of cell division.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
- Protection
- Filtration
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of cells?
Simple Epithelium
What type of epithelium provides protection with two or more layers of cells?
Stratified Epithelium
What type of epithelium appears to have multiple layers but is actually a single layer?
Pseudostratified Epithelium
What forms glands for secretion in epithelial tissue?
Glandular Epithelium
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Binds together
- Supports
- Strengthens other body tissues
- Protects and insulates internal organs
- Major transport system (blood) and energy reserves (fat)
What are the main components of connective tissue?
- Cells
- Extracellular Matrix
What types of cells are found in connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Mast cells
- Adipocytes
- White blood cells
What does the extracellular matrix of connective tissue consist of?
- Protein fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular)
- Ground substance
What are mucous membranes?
Line body cavities that open to the outside.
What are serous membranes?
Line body cavities that do not open to the outside and cover organs.
What is the cutaneous membrane?
The skin, covering the surface of the body.
What do synovial membranes do?
Line joint cavities and secrete synovial fluid.
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
What type of muscle is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal Muscle
What type of muscle is involuntary and found in the heart?
Cardiac Muscle
What type of muscle is involuntary and non-striated?
Smooth Muscle
What do neurons do?
Convert stimuli into electrical signals (nerve impulses) and conduct them.
What is the role of neuroglia?
Support, nourish, and protect neurons.
What is regeneration in tissue repair?
Replacement of damaged cells with the same type of cell.
What is fibrosis in tissue repair?
Scar tissue formation, which may affect organ function.
