Chapter 4 Flashcards
Cytology
Study of cells
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All cells have a nucleus.
False.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
What structure regulates what enters and exits the cell?
The cell membrane.
What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called?
Cytoplasm.
Which organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
False.
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins.
Golgi apparatus.
What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?
Digestion and waste removal.
Which part of the cell is involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis and processing.
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.
False.
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
To provide structure and protection.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate transport.
What are the small structures within a cell that perform specific functions called?
Organelles.
True or False: All eukaryotic cells contain a cell membrane.
True.
What is the role of the nucleolus?
Ribosome production.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in detoxifying harmful substances.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
Lysosome.
What is the function of vacuoles?
Storage of substances.
True or False: The cytoplasm is found only in eukaryotic cells.
False.
What is the primary function of cilia and flagella?
Movement.
Fill in the blank: Plant cells contain __________ for photosynthesis.
chloroplasts.
Which type of cell division occurs in somatic cells?
Mitosis.
What is the function of the centrosome?
Organizing microtubules and cell division.
True or False: Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
True.
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
To maintain homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
cell membrane.
What structure is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
Mitochondria.
Which organelle is involved in the modification and sorting of proteins?
Golgi apparatus.
What are the hair-like projections on some cells that aid in movement?
Cilia.
True or False: All cells have DNA.
True.
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids.
Fill in the blank: The __________ helps in the transport of materials within the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To provide structural support and shape to the cell.
What type of cells have a defined nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in protein synthesis.
False.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and control the movement of substances.
Fill in the blank: The __________ provides energy for cellular processes.
ATP.
What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide rigidity and support.
What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and mitotic phase.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells are typically larger than eukaryotic cells.
False.
What is the role of the cell membrane in cellular communication?
It contains receptors that transmit signals.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
nucleolus.
