chapter 4

Question 1

tendency to respond fearfully to anxiety symptoms

Answer 1

Anxiety Sensitivity

Question 2

sudden, overwhelming fright or terror

Answer 2

Panic

Question 3

intense fear or
acute discomfort, accompanied by physical
symptoms that usually include heart
palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath,
and, possibly, dizziness.

Answer 3

PANIC ATTACK

Question 4

Mood state characterized by marked negative
aect and bodily symptoms of tension in which
a person apprehensively anticipates future
danger or misfortune.

Answer 4

ANXIETY

Question 5

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds
to threat signals by inhibiting activity and
causing anxiety.

Answer 5

BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION SYSTEM (BIS)

Question 6

This circuit produces an immediate
alarm-and-escape response that looks very
much like panic in humans

Answer 6

FIGHT/FLIGHT SYSTEM (FFS)

Question 7

A
general “sense of uncontrollability” may
develop early as a function of upbringing and
other disruptive or traumatic environmental
factors.

Answer 7

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Question 8

In childhood, we may acquire an awareness
that events are not always in our control.

Answer 8

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

Question 9

Stressful life events trigger our biological and
psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety.

Answer 9

SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Question 10

AN INTEGRATED MODEL

Answer 10

BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY, GENERALIZED PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY, SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY

Question 11

Theory of the development of anxiety.

Answer 11

TRIPLE VULNERABILITY THEORY

Question 12

We can see that a tendency to be uptight or
highly-strung might be inherited. But a
generalized biological vulnerability to develop
anxiety is not sucient to produce anxiety
itself.

Answer 12

GENERALIZED BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY

Question 13

believing the
world is dangerous and out of control and you might not be able to cope when things go
wrong, based on your early experiences.

Answer 13

GENERALIZED PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY

Question 14

In which you learn from early experience, such
as being taught by your parents, that some
situations or objects are fraught with danger
(even if they really aren’t).

Answer 14

SPECIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY

Question 15

The co-occurrence of two or more disorders in
a single individual.

Answer 15

COMORBIDITY

Question 16

the most common additional diagnosis for all
anxiety disorder

Answer 16

MAJOR DEPRESSION

Question 17

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense,
uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and
continuous worry that is distressing and
unproductive, accompanied by physical
symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and
restlessnes.

Answer 17

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD)

Question 18

are most often prescribed for generalized
anxiety, and the evidence indicates that they
give some relief, at least in the short term.

Answer 18

BENZODIAZEPINES

Question 19

● an anxiety disorder in which individuals
experience severe, unexpected panic attacks;
they may think they’re dying or otherwise
losing control.
● Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
accompanied by
● concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle
change to avoid future attacks.

Answer 19

PANIC DISORDER (PD)

Question 20

● A closely related disorder with PD, which is fear
and avoidance of situations in which a person
feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home
or to a hospital in the event of a developing
panic, panic-like symptoms, or other physical
symptoms, such as loss of bladder control.
● Anxiety about being in places or situations
from which escape might be dicult.

Answer 20

AGORAPHOBIA

Question 21

● Or avoidance of internal physical sensations.
● A cluster of avoidant behavior that most
patients with panic disorder and agoraphobic
avoidance.

Answer 21

INTEROCEPTIVE AVOIDANCE

Question 22

A related phenomenon occurring in children.
Often children scream and get out of bed as if
something were after them

Answer 22

SLEEP TERRORS

Question 23

occurs during the transitional state between
sleep and waking, when a person is either
falling asleep or waking up, but mostly when
waking up.

Answer 23

ISOLATED SLEEP PARALYSIS

Question 24

Unreasonable fear of a specic object or
situation that markedly interferes with daily life
functioning.

Answer 24

SPECIFIC PHOBIA

Question 25

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

Answer 25

BLOCK-INJECTION-INJURY PHOBIA

Question 26

A mode of developing phobia sometimes just being warned repeatedly about a potential danger is sucient for someone to develop a phobia.

Answer 26

INFORMATION TRANSMISSION

Question 27

Is characterized by children’s unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents or other important people in their life, or that something will happen to the children themselves that will separate them from their parents.

Answer 27

SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER

Question 28

● Also called Social Phobia ● Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Answer 28

SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER (SAD)/SOCIAL PHOBIA

Question 29

Is a rare childhood disorder characterized by a lack of speech in one or more settings where speaking is socially expected.

Answer 29

SELECTIVE MUTISM (SM)

Question 30

A set of disorders that include attachment disorders in childhood following inadequate or abusive child-rearing practices, adjustment disorders characterized by persistent anxiety and depression following a stressful life event, and reactions to trauma such as posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.

Answer 30

TRAUMA AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS

Question 31

This is an enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness-or fear-inducing threat. The victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.

Answer 31

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)

Question 32

This is similar to PTSD, a severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. Many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

Answer 32

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER

Question 33

In psychoanalytic therapy, reliving emotional trauma to relieve emotional suering.

Answer 33

CATHARSIS

Question 34

A common strategy to work with the victim to develop a narrative of the traumatic experience and to expose the patients for an extended period of time to the image.

Answer 34

PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY

Question 35

● Describe anxious or depressive reactions to life stress that are milder than one would see in acute stress disorder or PTSD but are nevertheless impairing in terms of interfering with work or school performance, interpersonal relationships, or other areas of living. ● Clinically signicant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to one or more specic stressors.

Answer 35

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER

Question 36

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.

Answer 36

ATTACHMENT DISORDERS

Question 37

Attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behaviour neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to oers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident.

Answer 37

REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER

Question 38

a similar set of child-rearing circumstances—perhaps including early persistent harsh punishment—would result in a pattern of behavior or condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults.

Answer 38

DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER

Question 39

is the devastating culmination of the anxiety disorders.

Answer 39

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

Question 40

● are intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate. ● Recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces.

Answer 40

OBSESSIONS

Question 41

● are the thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief. ● Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform.

Answer 41

COMPULSIONS

Question 42

When clients with OCD equate thoughts with the specic actions or activity represented by the thoughts, may be caused by attitudes of excessive responsibility and resulting guilt developed during childhood, when even a bad thought is associated with evil intent.

Answer 42

THOUGHT-ACTION FUSION

Question 43

The most eFFective approach is a process whereby the rituals are prevented, and the patient is systematically exposed to the feared thoughts or situations.

Answer 43

EXPOSURE AND RITUAL PREVENTION (ERP)

Question 44

● The disorder has been referred to as “imagined ugliness” ● Its center is a preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance by someone who actually looks reasonably normal.

Answer 44

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (BDD)

Question 45

● Compulsively hoard things, fearing that if they throw something away.

Answer 45

HOARDING DISORDER

Question 46

● A hair-pulling disorder. ● The urge to pull out one’s own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arms.

Answer 46

TRICHOTILLOMANIA

Question 47

● A skin-picking disorder. ● It is characterized, as the label implies, by repetitive and compulsive picking of the skin, leading to tissue damage

Answer 47

EXCORIATION