Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Module 2 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give the formula of hydrochloric acid.

A

HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the formula of sulfuric acid.

A

H₂SO₄

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the formula of nitric acid.

A

HNO₃

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the formula of ethanoic acid.

A

CH₃COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the formula of ammonia.

A

NH₃

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give the formula of sodium hydroxide.

A

NaOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain what an acid does.

A

releases H⁺ ions (protons) in aqueous solution so they are proton donors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain what an alkali does.

A

soluble base which releases OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain what a strong acid does.

A

completely dissociates in aqueous solution releasing H⁺ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain what a weak acid does.

A

partially dissociates in aqueous solution releasing a small amount of H⁺ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

when H⁺ ions react with OH⁻ ions to form a salt and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain what a base does.

A

accepts H⁺ ions so they are proton acceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many H⁺ ions do a monoprotic acid release?

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many H⁺ ions do a diprotic acid release?

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal oxide?

A

salt + water
BAWS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal hydroxide?

A

salt + water
AAWS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal carbonate?

A

carbon dioxide + water + salt
CACWS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal?

A

salt + hydrogen
MASH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a titration?

A

a technique used to accurately measure volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution

20
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

a solution of known concentration

21
Q

What is a volumetric flask used for?

A

to make up a standard solution accurately

22
Q

Explain the five steps to prepare a standard solution.

A
  1. weigh he solid accurately
  2. dissolve the solid in a beaker using less distilled water needed to fill the volumetric flask
  3. transfer the solution to a volumetric flask, rinsing the traces from the beaker and mixing tool
  4. fill the volumetric flask with distilled water to the graduation line, until the meniscus lines up with the mark
  5. invert the volumetric flask several times to mix the solution thoroughly
23
Q

Why do we have to be careful when filling a volumetric flask in titration?

A

if too much distilled water is added it will dilute the solution

24
Q

Why do we need to invert a volumetric flask in titration?

A

so the titration results are consistent

25
Q

How are burette readings measured?

A

to 0.05 and has two decimal places

e.g. 20.20 or 20.35

26
Q

Explain the seven steps to carry out an acid-base titration.

A
  1. add a measured volume of your base to a conical flask
  2. add the standard solution (acid) to a burette and fill the jet and take an initial reading
  3. add a few drops of indicator to the conical flask
  4. run the solution in the burette into the conical flask, swirling the conical flask throughout to mix the solutions to you reach an end point
  5. record the final burette reading and calculate the titre
  6. a quick trial titration is calculated first to find the approximate titre
  7. the titration is then repeated accurately, adding the solution dropwise as the end point approaches
27
Q

What does the end point of a titration indicate?

A

the volume of one solution that exactly reacts with the volume of the second solution

28
Q

How do you calculate the titre?

A

final burette reading - initial burette reading

29
Q

When to you stop repeating titrations?

A

when two concordant titres are achieved (within 0.1)

30
Q

Why should we fill the jet of the burette?

A

to remove any air bubbles which could be released during the titration, leading to an error in the titre

31
Q

Why should we take burette readings from the bottom on the meniscus?

A

to keep the readings consistent

32
Q

What is the oxidation number for elements?

A

zero

33
Q

Is the sign placed before or after the oxidation number?

A

before the oxidation number

34
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen?

A

-2

35
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen?

A

+1

36
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in hydrides?

A

-1

37
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxides?

A

-1

38
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen bonded to fluorine?

A

+2

39
Q

What does the sum of oxidation numbers equal to?

A

the total charge

40
Q

What does Roman Numerals show when attached to an element?

A

the oxidation number without a sign

41
Q

What does Redox reactions involve?

A

reduction and oxidation

42
Q

What is reduction in terms of electrons?

A

gain of electrons
OILRIG

43
Q

What is oxidation in terms of electrons?

A

loss of electrons
OILRIG

44
Q

What is reductions in terms of oxidation number?

A

decrease in oxidation number

45
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxidation number?

A

increase in oxidation number

46
Q

When two elements both form the same type of ion how do you deicide the charge?

A

the more electronegative species will have the negative oxidation number

47
Q

How do we reduce errors in a burette reading and how?

A

Make the titre a larger volume by increasing the volume and concentration of the substance in the conical flask

Or

decreasing the concentration of the substance in the burette

Chemistry Module 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions