Chapter 4

Question 1

Balance

Answer 1

Balance refers to how objects or shapes are distributed to correctly use space. There are three different types of balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

Correlation estimates the relationship between two or more numerical variables.

Question 4

Data Visualization

Answer 4

Data visualization combines data analysis with computer graphics to efficiently identify trends, patterns, relationships, and outliers. Data visualization encodes quantitative values into graphical formats so data can be presented visually.

Question 5

Design Elements

Answer 5

Design elements are visual attributes describing various elements of a display. These building blocks of design can be represented by seven elements: color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and typography.

Question 6

Deviation

Answer 6

Deviation analysis shows changes (departures) compared to another standard or value of reference.

Question 7

Dimension

Answer 7

Dimensions consist of qualitative or categorical information and usually identify variable names.

Question 8

Emphasis

Answer 8

Involves placing emphasis on important insights to attract the viewer’s attention.

Question 9

Frequency Distribution

Answer 9

Frequency distributions indicate how many observations fall within a certain interval, and the bars do not overlap or touch each other.

Question 10

Hue

Answer 10

Hue is the name of the color, such as red, blue, or green.

Question 11

Measure

Answer 11

When data is quantitative or numerical, it is considered a measure.

Question 12

Nominal Comparison

Answer 12

Nominal comparisons display different quantitative values of subcategories that are not in a specific order and do not share a particular relationship.

Question 13

Part to Whole

Answer 13

Part to whole relationships consist of categories measured as fractions or ratios.

Question 14

Principles of Design

Answer 14

Principles of design are foundational rules to apply when creating visualizations. The six basic principles of design—balance, emphasis, proportion, rhythm, variety, and unity.

Question 15

Proportion

Answer 15

Proportion refers to the size of each object in the visualization relative to its importance or numerical value.

Question 16

Rankings

Answer 16

Rankings demonstrate a data point’s position based upon importance, preference, or achievement.

Question 17

Rhythm

Answer 17

Rhythm ensures a perception of seamless, visually appealing transition between design elements.

Question 18

Saturation

Answer 18

Saturation is a measure of the intensity or dullness of the color. Colors are highly saturated when they appear pure, whereas desaturated colors look dull.

Question 19

Time Series

Answer 19

Time series visuals demonstrate how values change over time.

Question 20

Unity

Answer 20

Unity is achieved when there is a harmonious appearance and the design elements appear to belong together.

Question 21

Value

Answer 21

Value means the data is useful for making accurate business decisions.

Question 22

Variety

Answer 22

Variety in the type of visualizations used (e.g., bar graph, line chart, map, etc.); promotes engagement in the presentation, and helps viewers process the information into long-term memory.