Chapter 4

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

the ability to do work on matter

Example sentence: The car has kinetic energy as it moves down the road.

Question 2

Potential Energy

Answer 2

the energy of position

Additional information: Potential energy is stored energy.

Question 3

Kinetic Energy

Answer 3

the energy of motion

Additional information: Kinetic energy increases as an object moves faster.

Question 4

Heat

Answer 4

aka thermal energy; the total energy associated with random atomic and molecular motions of a substance

Example sentence: The heat from the fire warmed the room.

Question 5

Calorie

Answer 5

a unit of measurement for heat. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water through 1 C.

Additional information: The calorie is commonly used in nutrition to measure food energy.

Question 6

Specific Heat

Answer 6

the heat required to raise the temperature of one unit substance (e.g., gram) through a particular temperature interval.

Additional information: Different substances have different specific heat capacities.

Question 7

Joule

Answer 7

unit of measurement for energy. One joule is the equivalent of one watt of power radiated or dissipated for one second.

Question 8

Conduction

Answer 8

the transfer of heat from warmer to colder portions of the mass in a solid

Question 9

Convection

Answer 9

heat is transferred by the circulation of molecules in fluids

Question 10

Radiation

Answer 10

the transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves.

Question 11

Advection

Answer 11

a term that is applied to the horizontal transfer of heat by the wind

Question 12

Temperature

Answer 12

a measure of the average kinetic energy level of a substance, the degree of hotness or coldness

Question 13

Amplitude

Answer 13

the height of the wave

Question 14

Wavelength

Answer 14

the distance between successive crests

Question 15

Photon

Answer 15

a bundle of energy

Question 16

Selective absorber

Answer 16

absorbs only particular wavelengths of light

Question 17

Shortwave radiation

Answer 17

ultraviolet, visible, and a portion of infrared energy

Question 18

Longwave radiation

Answer 18

infrared, (like microwave, TV, radio waves)

Question 19

Direct shortwave radiation

Answer 19

shortwave radiation able to penetrate through the atmosphere without having been affected by constituents of the atmosphere in any way.

Question 20

Diffuse Shortwave radiation

Answer 20

shortwave radiation that has been scattered by gases in the atmosphere

Question 21

Insolation

Answer 21

the total incoming solar radiation

Question 22

Albedo

Answer 22

The proportion of light reflected from a surface

Question 23

Net shortwave radiation

Answer 23

the difference between incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation. K= (S+D) - (S+D)a

Question 24

Terrestrial longwave radiation

Answer 24

The energy absorbed by the surface is radiated from the Earth

Question 25

Atmospheric counter-radiation

Answer 25

long-wave radiation emitted from the earth to the atmosphere after it has absorbed the shorter-wave radiation of the sun.

Question 26

Net radiation

Answer 26

the difference between incoming (i.e., S and L↓) and outgoing components of radiation (S+D)a and L↑: Q*= [(S+D) - (S+D)a] + L↓ - L↑

Question 27

Sensible heat transfer

Answer 27

heat energy transferred between the surface and air when there is a difference in temperature between them

Question 28

Latent heat transfer

Answer 28

transfer of energy where temperature does not change/cannot be sensed

Question 29

Ground heat transfer

Answer 29

The transfer of energy to and from the surface