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Chapter 4 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was the First Referendum?

A

1980

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2
Q

What was the First Referendum on? And what did it do?

A

•Sovereignty association
-sought to make Quebec independent
-maintain economic ties to Canada

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3
Q

Who led the “no” side? Who led the “yes” side? What side won?(%)

A

no side: (PM) Pirerre Trudeau
yes side: (P) Rene Levesque
no won 60%-40%

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4
Q

What year was the Constitution Act?

A

1982

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5
Q

Trudeau renegotiated the Canadian Constitution. What province did not agree with this?

A

Quebec(they had to abide anyway)

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6
Q

What year was the Meech Lake Accord?

A

1987-1990(Robert Bourassa was premier at this time)

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7
Q

Who tried to include Quebec into the Constitution with the Meech Lake Accord?

A

Prime Minister Brian Mulroney

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8
Q

Quebec demanded to be a _______ with greater privileges.

A

distinct society

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9
Q

what two provinces did not approve of what Quebec demanded? causing what?

A

•Newfoundland and Manitoba
•The accord failed again(QC mad)

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10
Q

When was the Belanger-Compeau Commission?

A

1991

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11
Q

What is the Belanger-Compeau Commission and what did it recommend?

A

•Investigated Quebecs place in the Constitution
• recommended referendum on sovereignty(having power/being independent)

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12
Q

What year was the Allaire report?

A

1991

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13
Q

What conclusion was made in the Allaire Report and “A Quebec Free To Choose” ?

A

•A second referendum should be held •Quebecs jurisdiction should be increased

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14
Q

What year was the Charlottetown Accord?

A

1992

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15
Q

Why was there the Charlottetown Accord?

A

Prime minister Mulroney again held new constitutional negotiations

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16
Q

What was quebec given?

A

distinct society clause

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17
Q

When was the Second Referendum?

A

1995

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18
Q

Who was the Second Referendum ran by?

A

Jacques Parizeau(premier)

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19
Q

Who won the second referendum, yes side or no side?(%)

A

no side won 50.6% - 49.4%

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20
Q

Who was Prime Minister during the Second Referendum?

A

Jean Chrétien

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21
Q

What did Chrétien(PM) asked the supreme court, post referendum?

A

• if Quebec separation would be legal

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22
Q

What did the Supreme Court respond to Chrétien?

A

The separation of Quebec would be legal if the referendum question is clear and a clear majority of the vote is obtained in favour

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23
Q

What year was the Clarity Act?

A

2000

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24
Q

What did the Clarity Act say?

A

•Canada must approve a referendum question
• A number greater than 50%+1 must be obtained for independence

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25
Q

what did the Constitution of 1982 recognize?

A

•Ancestral and treaty rights of the indigenous

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26
Q

What year was the Oka Crisis?

A

1990

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27
Q

Why did the Mohawks set up roadblocks/protests?

A

•cause town of Oka wanted to expand golf course
•Mohawks had sacred land there

28
Q

The Sûrreté du Québec (SQ) intervened, who was killed?

A

One officer(Marcel Lemay)

29
Q

Other Mohawks blocked access to where? Who was called into action?

A

•Mercier Bridge
•Military

30
Q

What was the end agreement?

A

•not to expand the golf course

31
Q

agreements and commission
In what year did Levesque’s government recognize more Indigenous rights?

A

•1985

32
Q

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples:
In 1991 it was said that Indigenous should have power of ? (2)

A

•Self-determination
•Participate in formulation of policies

33
Q

What territory was created in 1999?

A

Nunavut

34
Q

Why was Nunavut created? What was it previously apart of?

A

•Allow autonomous Indigenous governance
•Previously part of North West Territories

35
Q

What agreement was in 2002?

A

Paix des Braves

36
Q

Paix des Braves was an agreement allowing what?

A

•Quebec government to utilize Indigenous lands for its resources

37
Q

In the 1980s Qc was in what which had high unemployment rates? what were the rates?

A

•Deep recession
•12% to 15%

38
Q

During the deep recession cuts were made to _____ to reduce _____.

A

•Social programs
•Government expenses

39
Q

Government increased its what?

A

Neo-liberalism

40
Q

What is neo-liberalism?

A

•A reduced amount of government intervention in business

41
Q

What is privatization?

A

•Something owned or controlled by the government that is sold or given to private individuals or companies

42
Q

There were greater privatized government services such as?

A

hospitals

43
Q

What did civil society groups express?what did they expect?

A

•expected governments to work to reduce economic inequalities in the population; spend more money

44
Q

what was created in 1992-1994?

A

NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)

45
Q

Who was apart of NAFTA?

A

Mexico,America,Canada

46
Q

What does NAFTA do for these countries?

A

•No tariffs on goods made and traded within those three countries

47
Q

NAFTA increased Canadas and Qc what?

A

Globalization

48
Q

what is globalization?(2)

A

•trade between many countries around the world
•quebec exported many goods and resources (airplanes,iron,ore,oil)

49
Q

What is Quebec Inc.?

A

•a group of large francophone companies (Bombardier,Provigo-Loblaws,SNC-Lavalin)

50
Q

What is social economy?(example)

A

•an economic practice that helps a community (hiring workers with intellectual disabilities)

51
Q

Cities grew, Pop decreased. Where was this seen most?

A

•Single industry towns(Murdochville)

52
Q

Small communities lose local services, why? (banks,schools,post-office)

A

•Globalization

53
Q

Because people were leaving their small communities these regions would lose their political weight, how many were eliminated in 2012?

A

3

54
Q

Why was Quebecs fertility rate declining?(2)

A

•fertility rate per woman: 1.5-1.6
•Women having children later in life(the less they have children)

55
Q

Fertility rate declining means an aging population, what are the results?(2)

A

•difficult to replace workers
•medical care is expensive

56
Q

To help the aging population and create a better work-family balance the gov. did what?(4)

A

•cheap child care
•child support
•maternity and paternity leave/Q.P.I.P
•cheap schooling (Uni tuitions)

57
Q

What happened because the labour needs relied on immigrants?

A

•Pop became more diverse
•laws favouring french speaking immigrants
•laws protecting against racism

58
Q

Religious neutrality (3)

A

•State(Gov) doesn’t take position on religion
• Certain religions asked for what was seen as excessive accommodations
• Public hearing (Bouchard-Taylor) held to investigate

59
Q

Women entered labour market and in key positions… what were they looking for?

A

They sought equal pay with men

60
Q

In what year was the Pay Equity Act? and what is it?

A

•1996
•giving people equal pay for work of equal value

61
Q

What is Gender Parity?what year?

A

•equal number of men and women in a business
•2006: Law guaranteeing parity on the board of directions of crown corporations

62
Q

In what year was Bill 101 passed? What did Bill 101 do?

A

•1977
• allowed ONLY french on signage

63
Q

what happened in 1988?

A

•Supreme Court rules that Bill 101 violates rights.
•The government used the Notwithstanding Clause, passed Bill 178

64
Q

What is Bill 178?

A

•Making french the only language on outdoor signs

65
Q

What happened in 1993?

A

Bill 86 was passed allowing English on signs if French is predominant

Chapter 4 (1 decks)

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