Chapter 4 Flashcards by layla safa

In what year was the First Referendum?

1980

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What was the First Referendum on? And what did it do?

•Sovereignty association
-sought to make Quebec independent
-maintain economic ties to Canada

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Who led the “no” side? Who led the “yes” side? What side won?(%)

no side: (PM) Pirerre Trudeau
yes side: (P) Rene Levesque
no won 60%-40%

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What year was the Constitution Act?

1982

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Trudeau renegotiated the Canadian Constitution. What province did not agree with this?

Quebec(they had to abide anyway)

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What year was the Meech Lake Accord?

1987-1990(Robert Bourassa was premier at this time)

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Who tried to include Quebec into the Constitution with the Meech Lake Accord?

Prime Minister Brian Mulroney

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Quebec demanded to be a _______ with greater privileges.

distinct society

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what two provinces did not approve of what Quebec demanded? causing what?

•Newfoundland and Manitoba
•The accord failed again(QC mad)

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When was the Belanger-Compeau Commission?

1991

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What is the Belanger-Compeau Commission and what did it recommend?

•Investigated Quebecs place in the Constitution
• recommended referendum on sovereignty(having power/being independent)

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What year was the Allaire report?

1991

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What conclusion was made in the Allaire Report and “A Quebec Free To Choose” ?

•A second referendum should be held •Quebecs jurisdiction should be increased

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What year was the Charlottetown Accord?

1992

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Why was there the Charlottetown Accord?

Prime minister Mulroney again held new constitutional negotiations

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What was quebec given?

distinct society clause

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When was the Second Referendum?

1995

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Who was the Second Referendum ran by?

Jacques Parizeau(premier)

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Who won the second referendum, yes side or no side?(%)

no side won 50.6% - 49.4%

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Who was Prime Minister during the Second Referendum?

Jean Chrétien

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What did Chrétien(PM) asked the supreme court, post referendum?

• if Quebec separation would be legal

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What did the Supreme Court respond to Chrétien?

The separation of Quebec would be legal if the referendum question is clear and a clear majority of the vote is obtained in favour

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What year was the Clarity Act?

2000

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What did the Clarity Act say?

•Canada must approve a referendum question
• A number greater than 50%+1 must be obtained for independence

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what did the Constitution of 1982 recognize?

•Ancestral and treaty rights of the indigenous

What year was the Oka Crisis?

1990

Why did the Mohawks set up roadblocks/protests?

•cause town of Oka wanted to expand golf course •Mohawks had sacred land there

The Sûrreté du Québec (SQ) intervened, who was killed?

One officer(Marcel Lemay)

Other Mohawks blocked access to where? Who was called into action?

•Mercier Bridge •Military

What was the end agreement?

•not to expand the golf course

agreements and commission In what year did Levesque’s government recognize more Indigenous rights?

•1985

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: In 1991 it was said that Indigenous should have power of ? (2)

•Self-determination •Participate in formulation of policies

What territory was created in 1999?

Nunavut

Why was Nunavut created? What was it previously apart of?

•Allow autonomous Indigenous governance •Previously part of North West Territories

What agreement was in 2002?

Paix des Braves

Paix des Braves was an agreement allowing what?

•Quebec government to utilize Indigenous lands for its resources

In the 1980s Qc was in what which had high unemployment rates? what were the rates?

•Deep recession •12% to 15%

During the deep recession cuts were made to _____ to reduce _____.

•Social programs •Government expenses

Government increased its what?

Neo-liberalism

What is neo-liberalism?

•A reduced amount of government intervention in business

What is privatization?

•Something owned or controlled by the government that is sold or given to private individuals or companies

There were greater privatized government services such as?

hospitals

What did civil society groups express?what did they expect?

•expected governments to work to reduce economic inequalities in the population; spend more money

what was created in 1992-1994?

NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)

Who was apart of NAFTA?

Mexico,America,Canada

What does NAFTA do for these countries?

•No tariffs on goods made and traded within those three countries

NAFTA increased Canadas and Qc what?

Globalization

what is globalization?(2)

•trade between many countries around the world •quebec exported many goods and resources (airplanes,iron,ore,oil)

What is Quebec Inc.?

•a group of large francophone companies (Bombardier,Provigo-Loblaws,SNC-Lavalin)

What is social economy?(example)

•an economic practice that helps a community (hiring workers with intellectual disabilities)

Cities grew, Pop decreased. Where was this seen most?

•Single industry towns(Murdochville)

Small communities lose local services, why? (banks,schools,post-office)

•Globalization

Because people were leaving their small communities these regions would lose their political weight, how many were eliminated in 2012?

Why was Quebecs fertility rate declining?(2)

•fertility rate per woman: 1.5-1.6 •Women having children later in life(the less they have children)

Fertility rate declining means an aging population, what are the results?(2)

•difficult to replace workers •medical care is expensive

To help the aging population and create a better work-family balance the gov. did what?(4)

•cheap child care •child support •maternity and paternity leave/Q.P.I.P •cheap schooling (Uni tuitions)

What happened because the labour needs relied on immigrants?

•Pop became more diverse •laws favouring french speaking immigrants •laws protecting against racism

Religious neutrality (3)

•State(Gov) doesn’t take position on religion • Certain religions asked for what was seen as excessive accommodations • Public hearing (Bouchard-Taylor) held to investigate

Women entered labour market and in key positions… what were they looking for?

They sought equal pay with men

In what year was the Pay Equity Act? and what is it?

•1996 •giving people equal pay for work of equal value

What is Gender Parity?what year?

•equal number of men and women in a business •2006: Law guaranteeing parity on the board of directions of crown corporations

In what year was Bill 101 passed? What did Bill 101 do?

•1977 • allowed ONLY french on signage

what happened in 1988?

•Supreme Court rules that Bill 101 violates rights. •The government used the Notwithstanding Clause, passed Bill 178

What is Bill 178?

•Making french the only language on outdoor signs

What happened in 1993?

Bill 86 was passed allowing English on signs if French is predominant

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(65 cards)